Data Speed Up the Progress of Heihe River Basin Integration Research

1
Data Speed Up the Progress of Heihe River Basin
Integration Research

• Yaonan Zhang
• Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and
  Engineering Research Institute,CAS

2
outline

• Background of Heihe river basin
• Observation system and collected data
• The application research of data
• integrated research plan
• Proposal

3
Background Heihe

• The Heihe river comes of Qilian mountainous
  region, in the north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plain,
  is a representative inland rive basin
• Tt runs through the Hexi Corridor, Gobi, Alashan
  plateau, desert, stays in Juyanhai
• It Has a approximate area of 130,000 k?, involves
  Qinghai, Gansu and Neimenggu provinces.

4
Which Character it have?

• The Heihe river  is a typical  inland watershed
  in the northwestern China in which water
  resources play key roles in a multifaceted and 
  mosaicked  landscape.
• The character show as follow
• The upper reach
• vertical distribution in the drainage area is
  obvious.
• Above altitude 4500m is the permanent glacier
  regions,
• below, that is the mountain meadow and the brush,
  is the inter-mountain basin,
• the middle mountain is forest and meadow prairie
  belt in turn.

5
Which Character it have?

• The middle reach
• Oasis and agriculture
• Oasis and desertification transition area
• The low reach
• Desert and desertification

6
outline

• Background of Heihe river basin
• Observation system and data collected
• Observation system
• Collected data
• The application research of data
• integrated research
• Proposal

7
Monitor item

• The main observation and experiment
• Moisture monitor
• Water quality monitor and experiment,
• soil moisture monitor and experiment,
• groundwater level monitor and experiment,
• farm irrigation monitor and experiment,
• evapotranspiration monitor and experiment,
• Atmosphere monitor
• Long period weather observation
• Biology monitor
• Soil monitor and land use experiment
• Hydrological observation and experiment
• Ecological observation and experiment

8
Observation System of Heihe River Basin
9
Upper reach Alpine meadow ecosystem observation
system
ENVIS environment observation experiment--glacier
, frozen soil

10
Upper reach Forest ecosystem observation system
TDR soil moisture
Vegetation survey
mountainous vegetation zone observation experiment
conduction measure
11
Upper reach Forest ecosystem observation system
mountainous vegetation zone observation experiment
12
Upper reach mountainous vegetation zone
observation experiment system
???????? ? ? ?1998?10?-1999?11?
?????????? ? ? ?2001?8?-2002?5?
???????? ????2002?6???
???????? ? ? ?2002?6???
13
Middle reach Oasis agricultural ecosystem
observation system
14
Middle reach Desert ecosystem observation system
15
lower reach Ejnqi desert riparian forest
observation sysem
16
Collected data

• After above observation and experiment, we have
  build a serial ofdatabase
• Typical land zone the balance of energy and
  moisture data base
• Desert vegetation dynamics monitor database
• Desert agriculture ecosystem environmental
  weather observation database
• Sanded soil moisture dynamics monitor database
• Balance of farm moisture and SPAC system
  observation database
• And build Foundation background dataset
• Environment monitor dataset
• Agriculture weather dataset
• Soil nutrient dataset
• Soil moisture dataset
• Groundwater dataset

17
Collected data

• And build foundation geographical Background data
  
• Groundwater observation site location map
• Weather observation stations map
• Automatical weather station location map
• Hydrological stations location map
• Heihes MMS(79m) data of 1975
• Heihe s TM(30m) data of 1990
• Heihe ETM data of 2000
• Heihes ASTER data
• The total radiation at 1000 2/10/2002
• Air temperature at 1000 2/10/2002
• 1KM grid People distribution map of Heihe river
  basin

18
Collected data

• And build special background data
• 1100,000 land use data
• 11,000,000 soil classification data of whole
  basin
• 11,000,000 vegetation category data of whole
• 11,000,000 desertification category of whole
• 11,000,000 hrdrogeological map of whole basin
• 11,000,000 soil category map
• 11,000,000 land resources map
• 11,000,000 soil degeneration map
• 11,000,000 meadow map
• 13,000,000 groundwater stream modulus map
• 12,000,000 groundwater reserves modulus map
• 1500,000 groundwater imbedded depth map
• 150,000 main irrigation area map
• 150,000 Jayuguan synthesis hydrogeological map
• Socioeconomic statistic data

19
Collected data

• Spreadsheet data
• 1day and 5 dayss groundwater level observation
  data of Zhangye basin
• Heihes weather data list
• Heihes hydrology data list
• The range of MSS waveband number and wavelength
• The range of TM MSS waveband and wavelength
• The range of ETM waveband and wavelength
• The range of ASTER waveband and wavelength
• Local area high remote sensing image
• HEIFE Chinese data list
• HEIFEE Japanese data list
• Observation data about normal weather and
  hydrological of Chinese
• SWAT model datasets soil classify system
• SWAT model datasets land use system
• VIC model driver data

20
Collected data

• Special research dataset
• Agriculture water and fat test dataset
• Desert vegetation physiology observation dataset
• Polar water off monitor dataset
• Desertification vegetation seeds research dataset
• Desertification oasis grumous water observation
• The wind and sand movement observation dataset in
  transition area of desertification and oasis
• The survey dataset of soil vegetation
  hydrology of Qilian mountain spruce forest
• The vegetation spot remote sensing and ground
  investigation dataset about ejinaji desert
  riparian forest dataset
• Survey dataset about Hydrology soil
  vegetation in desert transition area

21
Other data

• Observation data
• Groundwater observation data
• Weather observation data
• Hydrological observation data
• Field experiment data
• HEIFEI experiment data
• Remote sensing test data of Daye mountain pass at
  2004
• Shandan field experiment data at 2003
• River section data from Zhenyi canyon to Yingluo
  canyon

22
Other data

• Reanalysis data
• Radiation data of whole basin at 2002
• Weather reanalysis data of whole basin at 2002
• The spatial result of people distribution of
  whole basin
• Model dataset
• SWAT model dataset
• VIC model dataset
• MMS model dataset
• SIB2 model dataset
• MM5 model dataset

23
outline

• Background of Heihe river basin
• Observation and data
• The application research of data
• integrated research
• Proposal

24
Research area

• Alpine meadow,Alpine Forest and grass ecosystems
  in the upper reaches of Heihe river basin
• Oasis agriculture and desert ecosystem in the
  middle reaches of Heihe river basin
• Natural oasis ecosystem in the lower reaches of
  Heihe river basin

25
Application research

• We summary some research as follow
• Water and soil
• Water resources and eco-hydrology in the Heihe
  river basin
• Water-saving agriculture and the regulation and
  control of oasis ecosystem
• Comprehensive management and technical
  integration on the basis of water-ecology-economy
  balanced development in Heihe watershed
• Soil and water resources and their rational
  exploitation and use in the Hexi region of Gansu
  province
• Inter-feedback effects between land
  desertification and soil organic carbon loss
• Design of Water Resource Information System of
  the Heihe River Basin

26
Application research

• ecosystem
• Desertification and oasis processes
• Principles and techniques of degraded ecosystem
  rehabilitation
• Long term monitoring of desert and oasis
  ecosystem evolution
• The basic theoretical research of ecological
  economics and eco-hydrology in the inland river
  basin
• The evolution of ecological environment and
  sustainable development in Heihe watershed
• Hydrological and ecological
• Ecological water requirement and ecological
  groundwater level in Heihe river basin
• Distribution pattern of Patchy vegetation and its
  eco-hydrological effects in the typical watershed
  in Qilian mountain
• Simulation of the Evapotranspiration from
  Irrigational Farmlands in the Oases of the Heihe
  River Basin
• Simulation of Water Resources Transformation in
  the Midstream Area of the Hei River Basin

27
Application research

• Ecological Economic System Analysis and System
  Coupling Development Patterns of the Heihe River
  Basin
• Estimation of Net Primary Productivity of Heihe
  River Basin Using Remote Sensing
• Models for Long term Forecast of Annual Runoff at
  Yin Louxia Station of Heihe River
• Construction and application of integrated
  environmental and economic study
• Changes of hydrology and ecological environment
  during late 50 years in Heihe river basin
• The Method of Regions Eco-Environmental
  Assessment and Its Usage of Heihe River Basin

28
Application research

• Evaluation of human impacts on water balance in
  the Heihe River Basin, Western
• Heihe river basin water resources decision
  support system
• Advance in the application of remote sensing to
  envportranspiration research
• Advance and case analysis in population spatial
  distribution based on remote sensing and GIS
• Towards sustainable development of the
  environmental degraded Heihe river basin
• Toward a digital watershed study
• The variation and utilization of water resources
  in the Heihe river basin

29
Five large region test research basic

• Integrative Management Of Water-Ecological-Economi
  c Systems In The Heihe River Basin
• Resources of water and land and economic systems
• Change of basin ecological-economic systems
• Establishment and management of water-saving
  artificial oasis
• Experiment and demonstration of ecological
  restoration of natural oasis
• Prospect of water-ecological-economic system
  management

30
Land surface process simulation

• SHAW (Simultaneous Heat and Water Transfer) and
  SiB2 (Simple Biosphere Model 2) were calibrated
  and modifed to simulate the one-dimensional heat
  and water transfers.

31
Distributed hydrological model simulation -SWAT
32
Digital river basin
River basin model Data assimilation Scaling
transfer
33
outline

• Background of Heihe river basin
• Observation and data
• The application research of data
• integrated research
• Proposal

34
The reason for integrated research

• Because we have collected the data
• Water Storage in Ice and Snow
• Precipitation
• Solar Radiation
• Vapour Transport
• Condensation
• Evaporation/Transpiration
• Soil Moisture
• River Discharge
• Groundwater Storage
• And the study foundation
• Integrated Water Resources Management
• Above mention research
• So build the foundation for integrated research
  in whole river basin

35
What problem needs to integrated study in Heihe
river basin?
2?????

• Deteriorated ecosystem and environment
• Severely deteriorated water ecosystem and water
  environment
• Drying-up of the river, Drying-up of the lakes,
  Decline of groundwater table
• forest ecosystem destroyed
• In the downstream area, the area desert plants,
  the rate of forest vegetation cover greatly
  receded.
• Lawn ecosystem degenerated In the downstream area

36
What is main science plan in river basin to solve
this problem?

• water cycle research
• Ecosystem - hydrological cycle
• Social/economic system water cycle
• management research
• ecosystem management
• Ecology - economic
• Water environment
• The ecology-hydrology study in river basin region
• Multi-disciplines synthesis and integration
• Synthesis observation and remote sensing
  synchronous experiment
• Integrated environment include data, model and
  sustainable management

37
What is focal in our scientific research?

• Upriver reache
• Focus on the distributed hydrology model .
  Considering both scaling transfer of climate
  simulation and the regional climate model output,
  the changes forecasting of mouth runoff, so the
  atmospheric - vegetation - soil - frozen soil -
  snow system coupling is the key problem.
• middle reache
• Focus on water - ecology economic coupling,
  reasonable decision-making for basin sustainable
  development, water resources. namely completes
  multi-disciplinary integrated the
  ecology-hydrology and the ecology-economic model.
• lower reache
• stresses on the solution ground water model
  coupling and with the ecology relations during
  consideration water - ecology - economical
  coupled system.

38
How to deploy research?

• To build a ecology, hydrology, land surface
  process monitor experiment network
• To design core data
• To development a hydrologic observation database
• To do land surface data assimilation
• To fusion hydrologic observation data with other
  information to form a digital watershed
• To do hydrologic Analysis
• To establish a modeling, simulation, manipulation
  platform

39
Ecology, Hydrology, Land surface process monitor
experiment
2?????
Water land climate ecology observation
system

• Has accumulated more than 30 factors data from
  observation/monitor stations about 2 years
• The methods combine with experiment and monitor
  of automatic, semi-automatic and manual

Snow-frost-grass-oasis-hungriness- River
basin observation system
40
The design ideal of Core Data
41
Hydrological measurement and the development a
hydrologic observation database
42
Land surface data assimilation system sketch
43
Fusion of hydrologic observations with other
information to form a digital watershed
Hierarchical Data Format
Network Common Data Form
44
Hydrologic Analysis
45
The sketch of hydrologic observation system

• Hydrologic observatories will provide the science
  community with well-supported platforms and
  infrastructure essential to carry out sand
  experimental data generation.

46

• Spatially and temporally integrated measurements
• integrating terrestrial hydrologic information
  across space, time and process will provide a
  fundamental advance in data access ability, data
  analysis for physical modelers, as well as policy
  and management investigators.
• Precipitation
• The precipitation observation system will provide
  estimates of precipitation for the full
  watershed, with progressively finer measurement
  density and resolution for the nested, focus
  watersheds.
• Energy Budgets, Evapotranspiration, and Land
  Surface-Atmosphere Exchange
• Land-surface Atmosphere Exchange
• Soil Moisture, Recharge and Groundwater

47
Integrated Watershed Model PRMS/MODFLOW/DAFLOW
48
DAFLOW
PRMS
MODFLOW
MMS???
49
PRMS
National Weather Service - Hydro17
TOPMODEL
(from Leavesley, et al, 1983)
50
WEBMODEL2?????
51
Predictions of the runoff composition by
modified-Prms at YingLuo canyon (19972000)
52
(No Transcript)
53
Spatial Modeling Environment
SME
54
(No Transcript)
55
Library of Hydro-Ecological Modules
Local Dynamics
Spatical Dynamics
56
3 Experiment of application

• Results of Hydro-Ecological in spreedsheet and 2D

57
Proposal

• The integrated model is the researchers task,
  but we are needed to
• build Monitoring, Modeling, Manipulating platform
  to support integration study
• It can simulate and forecast large-scale and
  global ecological / economic environment.
• export visual simulation results in the form of
  2D animation, 3D animation, image spreadsheet and
  numerical spreadsheet.
• and providing spatial modeling and integration
  capacity of distributed and collaborative
  processing.
• Collaborative Spatial Ecological-Economic
  Modeling for Sustainable Management of Watershed
  Resources.

58
Proposal

• To establish a data integration environment
• Observation network
• Data platform
• Data analysis
• observation networks
• integrated some sensors technology, embedded
  computing technology, distributed information
  processing technology and wireless communication
  technology

59
Proposal

• To build a Modeling and Simulation Environment
• Graphical Modeling
• Modeling moduler
• Simulation system (HPC)
• Includes integrated support for
• Icon-based unit module development
• Module archiving and reuse
• Integration of multiple spatial representations
• Distributed computing
• Web-based modeling simulation
• Configuration, control, and visualization of
  remote simulations.
• Data access and visualization
• Real-time links to other apps (e.g. Swarm).

60
Cyberinfrastructure
Muti-disciplines scientists
Collaboratories
Observatory Networks
Information Resources
Synthesis Hubs and Nodes
Fundamental Research
Cyberinfrastructure
61
Thanks!