New Human Computer Interfaces

1
New Human Computer Interfaces
Class 2 March 7 2007

• Amnon Dekel
• HUJI CSE, Spring 2007

2
On the Menu

• Homework review
• The Technology behind NewChi
• Sensors
• Actuators
• Microcontrollers
• Various Data Processing Methods
• Workshop Planning a simple Tangible Interface

3
Homework Review

• Internet research
• Search for a good example of each one of the
  above New CHI forms (Tangible, Ambient,
  Multimodal).
• See the Course site Topics page to start
• Create a Personal Wiki page in which you write
  one paragraph for each example
• Description Link
• What I think it interesting and good about it
• Add a link to your page to the NewCHI Wiki Home
  Page

4
Homework Review

• Internet research
• Lets take a look

5
Homework Review

• Any thoughts about what is being explored in the
  field today?
• Any thoughts about the future of the field?

6
The Technology behind NewChi
7
The Technology behind NewChi

• Sensors
• Actuators
• Microcontrollers
• Various Data Processing Methods

8
The Technology behind NewChi

• Sensors
• What is a sensor?
• A sensor is a physical device or biological organ
  that detects, or senses, a signal or physical
  condition and chemical compounds.

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
9
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Thermal energy sensors
• Electromagnetic sensors
• Mechanical sensors
• Chemical sensors
• Optical and radiation sensors
• Acoustic sensors
• Biological Sensors

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
10
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Thermal energy sensors
• temperature sensors
• thermometers, thermocouples, temperature
  sensitive resistors (thermistors), bi-metal
  thermometers and thermostats
• heat sensors
• bolometer, calorimeter

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
11
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Electromagnetic sensors
• electrical resistance sensors
• ohmmeter, multimeter
• electrical current sensors
• galvanometer, ammeter
• electrical voltage sensors
• leaf electroscope, voltmeter
• electrical power sensors
• watt-hour meters
• magnetism sensors
• magnetic compass, fluxgate compass, magnetometer,
  Hall effect device

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
12
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Mechanical sensors
• pressure sensors
• altimeter, barometer, barograph, pressure gauge,
  air speed indicator, rate of climb indicator,
  variometer
• gas and liquid flow sensors
• flow sensor, anemometer, flow meter, gas meter,
  water meter, mass flow sensor
• mechanical sensors
• acceleration sensor, position sensor, selsyn,
  switch, strain gauge

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
13
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Chemical sensors
• Chemical sensors detect the presence of specific
  chemicals or classes of chemicals. Examples
  include
• oxygen sensors, also known as lambda sensors,
• ion-selective electrodes,
• pH glass electrodes,
• redox electrodes.

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
14
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Optical and radiation sensors
• radiation sensors
• Geiger counter, dosimeter, Scintillation_counter
• subatomic particle sensors
• scintillometer, cloud chamber, bubble chamber
• light sensors, or photodetectors
• proximity sensor
• scanning laser
• interferometry.

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
15
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Acoustic sensors
• sound sensors
• Microphones
• Hydrophones
• Seismometers.

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
16
The Technology behind NewChi

• Types of Sensors
• Biological sensors
• All living organisms contain biological sensors
  with functions similar to those of the mechanical
  devices described.

(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
17
The Technology behind NewChi

• What makes a Good Sensor?
• the sensor should be sensitive to the measured
  property
• the sensor should be insensitive to any other
  property
• the sensor should not influence the measured
  property
• In the ideal situation, the output signal of a
  sensor is exactly proportional to the value of
  the measured property.

18
The Technology behind NewChi

• Sensors What sensors will you be using?
• The 2 most basic ones
• Switches (digital input)
• Photo-Resistors (analog input)
• And any others you find that you need

19
The Technology behind NewChi

• Sensors More information
• Wikipedia
• Sensor WIKI (musical instruments)
• SensEdu
• ITP Sensor Workshop Reports

20
The Technology behind NewChi

• Actuators
• What are actuators?
• An actuator is the mechanism by which an agent
  acts upon an environment.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators
21
The Technology behind NewChi

• Actuators
• What are actuators?
• actuators are a subdivision of transducers.
• They are devices which transform an input signal
  (mainly an electrical signal) into motion.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators
22
The Technology behind NewChi

• Actuators
• Types of Actuators

• Electrical motors
• Pneumatic actuators
• Hydraulic pistons
• Relays
• Comb drives

• Piezoelectric actuators
• Thermal bimorphs
• Digital Micro-mirror Devices
• Electro-active polymers
• Etc

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators
23
The Technology behind NewChi

• Microcontrollers
• What is a MC?
• A microcontroller (MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip
  used to control electronic devices.
• It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing
  self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in
  contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor, the
  kind used in a PC.
• A typical microcontroller contains all the
  memory, peripherals and input/output interfaces
  needed, whereas a general purpose microprocessor
  requires additional chips to provide these
  functions.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
24
The Technology behind NewChi

• Microcontrollers
• How do you compare MCs?
• Speed
• I/O Ports (digital, analog)
• AD converters
• Communications / networking
• Compilers / Translators
• Debuggers
• Programmers
• Power Consumption
• etc

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
25
The Technology behind NewChi

• Microcontrollers
• What can they do?
• Open and Close Circuits
• Execute Algorithms
• Computation
• Communication Networking
• All within their specific limitations (memory,
  Speed, Power consumptions, etc)

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
26
The Technology behind NewChi

• Microcontrollers
• What will we be using?
• The Arduino (Open Source Hardware)
• Atmel ATmega8/168 Based MCU
• Built in Digital/Analog Pins and Circuits
• Programmed in Wiring (built on Processing) a
  JAVA based language

http//www.arduino.cc/
http//processing.org/faq.htmlopensource
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
27
The Technology behind NewChi
The Arduino
28
The Technology behind NewChi

• Microcontrollers
• More Information
• Wikipedia
• Introduction to MCs
• Nabble Forums
• Embedded Systems forums
• Microcontroller.com

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
29
The Technology behind NewChi

• Data Processing Methods (briefly)
• Image Processing
• Location
• Motion
• Direction
• Sound Processing
• Voice Recognition
• Amplitude recognition
• Location

30
Class Workshop

• Planning a Simple Tangible Interface

31
Class Workshop 1

• Introduction and Goals
• Group Work
• Presentations and Discussion

32
Class Workshop 1

• Goals
• A small project to get you acquainted with
  designing and implementing a tangible UI
  prototype.

33
Class Workshop 1

• Example A smart door mat
• Counts how many times it has been stepped on
• Can react to being stepped on (i.e. Turning the
  light on, opening the door, etc)
• Can tell us how many times it has been stepped on
  
• etc

34
Class Workshop 1

• Example A smart door mat
• What do we need to make it?
• Physical parts
• Programming
• Interaction / Interface design

35
Class Workshop 1

• Group Work
• Break up into groups of 2
• Decide on an Tangible Interface (20 minutes)
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• Plan the basic system architecture to make it
  happen (20 minutes)
• Prepare a short presentation (2-3 minutes)

36
Class Workshop 1

• Presentations and Discussion
• Each group presents their idea and system
  architecture
• Class Discussion

37
Home Work

• Formalize the project Project Folio
• Description and architecture
• Part Needed Research the parts you will need to
  make it happen
• Psuedocode
• Create a Project WIKI page with the Project Folio
• Read the following
• http//www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
• Arduino booklet pp 8-16

Come ready to next class we will start running
with a technology Workshop- so read ahead of
time!