The Nervous System

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• The Nervous System

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• III. Cellular Organization in Neural Tissue
• A. Neurons
• 1. The General Structure of Neurons
• 2. Structural Classification of Neurons
• a. Multipolar Neurons
• b. Unipolar Neurons
• c. Bipolar Neurons

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• 3. Functional Classification of Neurons
• a. Sensory Neurons
• b. Motor Neurons
• c. Interneurons

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• B. Neuroglia
• 1. Astrocytes
• 2. Oligodendrocytes
• 3. Microglia
• 4. Ependymal Cells
• 5. Schwann Cells

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• C. Anatomical Organization

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• IV. Neuron Function
• A. The Membrane Potential
• 1. Factors Responsible for the Membrane
  Potential
• 2. Changes in the Membrane Potential
• 3. The Generation of an Action Potential
• B. Propagation of an Action Potential

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• V. Neural Communication
• A. Structure of a Synapse
• B. Synaptic Function and Neurotransmitters
• C. Neuronal Pools

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• Steps involved
• Release of NT
• Migration of NT
• Binding of NT either or I
• Outcome on Postsynaptic membrane
• NT degradation by specific enzyme

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• NT to know
• Acetylcholine (Ach) - , cholinergic synapses
• Norepinephrine (NE) - , adrenergic synapses
• Dopamine (D) I
• Serotonin (S) I
• GABA I
• See p 237.

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• VI. The Central Nervous System
• A. The Meninges
• 1. The Dura Mater
• 2. The Arachnoid
• 3. The Pia Mater

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• B. The Spinal Cord
• 1. Gross Anatomy
• 2. Sectional Anatomy

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• Spinal cord terms to know p 241, all

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• C. The Brain
• 1. Major Divisions of the Brain
• 2. The Ventricles of the Brain
• a. Ventricles
• b. Cerebrospinal Fluid
• i. Choroid Plexus
• ii. Arachnoid Granulations
• P 244-8 all anatomical terms

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• 3. The Cerebrum
• a. Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres
• b. Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
• c. Association Areas
• d. Cortical Connections

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• e. Cerebral Processing Centers
• i. The General Interpretive Area (Wernickes
  Area)
• ii. The Speech Center (Brocas Area)
• iii. The Prefrontal Cortex
• f. Hemispheric Lateralization
• g. The Electroencephalogram

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• 4. Memory
• a. Short-term Memories
• b. Long-term Memories
• c. Amnesia
• 5. The Basal Nuclei subconscious control of
  skeletal muscles
• caudate nucleus
• lentiform nucleus
• amygdaloid nucleus limbic system

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• Limbic system
• hypothalamic centers
• emotional states (rage, fear, sex)
• reflex movements

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• 7. The Diencephalon
• a. The Epithalamus
• b. The Thalamus
• c. The Hypothalamus
• 8. The Midbrain
• 9. The Pons
• 10. The Cerebellum
• 11. The Medulla Oblongata

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• VII. The Peripheral Nervous System

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• The Cranial Nerves
• 1. Distribution and Function
• a. The Olfactory Nerves (N I)
• b. The Optic Nerves (N II)
• c. The Oculomotor Nerves (N III)
• d. The Trochlear Nerves (N IV)
• e. The Trigeminal Nerves (N V)
• f. The Abducens Nerves (N VI)
• g. The Facial Nerves (N VII)
• h. The Vestibulocochlear Nerves (N VIII)
• h. The Glossopharyngeal Nerves (N IX)
• i. The Vagus Nerves (N X)
• j. The Accessory Nerves (N XI)
• k. The Hypoglossal Nerves (N XII)

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• B. The Spinal Nerves
• C. Nerve Plexuses
• D. Reflexes
• 1. Simple Reflexes
• 2. Complex Reflexes
• 3. Integration and Control of Spinal Reflexes

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• E. Sensory and Motor Pathways
• 1. Sensory Pathways
• a. The Posterior Column Pathway
• 2. Motor Pathways
• a. The Corticospinal Pathway
• b. The Medial and Lateral Pathways

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• VIII. The Autonomic Nervous System
• A. The Sympathetic Division
• 1. Organization
• a. The Collateral Ganglia
• b. The Adrenal Medullae
• 2. General Functions
• B. The Parasympathetic Division
• 1. Organization
• 2. General Functions

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• C. Relationships between the Sympathetic and
  Parasympathetic Divisions
• IX. Aging and the Nervous System
• X. Integration with Other Systems