DCE5011 Principles of Adult Education

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DCE5011Principles of Adult Education

• Overview of Section 1

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Learning and School Education
Death
Learning Spectrum Where school takes a small
portion
AGE
25 years
SCHOOL
6 years
Birth
advance
little
Institutionalized
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Education and Learning

• Look around us
• Where does education take place?
• Where does learning take place?
• Ponder on the following statement
• In all education there is learning but not
  necessarily in all learning there is education

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Adult Education and related concepts

• Adult Education -- a process whereby persons,
  whose major social roles are characteristics of
  adult status, undertake systematic and sustained
  learning activities for purpose of bringing about
  changes in knowledge, attitudes, values or
  skills. (Darkenwald and Merriam, 1982--pg9)

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Purposes of Adult Education

• Cultivation of intellect
• individual self-actualization
• personal and social improvement
• social transformation
• organizational effectiveness

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Adult Education has been around for decades

• Religious education
• Agricultural Extension
• Democratization of education
• Community Education
• Continuing Professional Education

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Scope of Adult Education

• Varied, includes both formal and non formal
  private and public sector
• 4 typologies of adult learning opportunities
• independent ad.edu. Organization
• educational institutions
• quasi educational org. (eg. Library, museum)
• non educational org.(eg. Industry, armed forces)

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Settings and scope of ad.edu

• There are differences between developed and third
  world countries
• major areas in third world
• literacy
• civil and political education
• health and family life
• agricultural and vocational education
• where do you place Malaysia?

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What are your understanding of the following
concepts?

• andragogy
• Continuing education
• lifelong education/learning
• non formal education
• community education
• general/university extension
• in service training

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Categories of Adult Learners

• Adults who are pursuing structured learning
  programmes
• Adults who are pursuing non-structured learning
  programmes
• Adults who are engaged in other forms of learning
  difference from the above

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Adult Education opens the door to

• Pursuing education in specific areas of interest
• Formulate leraning program to fulfill needs of
  specific group
• To further enhance existing skills
• Inculcate values
• Provide opportunities for study without having to
  leave vocation
• Etc.

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Importance of Adult Education

• Reasons for continued learning
• occupational reasons
• new social roles and relationships
• changing interests and attitudes towards changing
  world/surroundigs
• Importance of ad.edu may be viewed from
• demographics (compare Msia with the west)
• economics(good times vs bad times)
• technology (IT, knowledge 1/2 life, new t.tech)

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Impak Pendidikan Dewasa

• Sosio-ekonomi (menangani masalah kesihatan
  rakyat, meningkatkan produktiviti pertanian,
  meningkatkan kemahiran)
• Psiko-sosial (memupuk perpaduan, kestabilan,
  sedar sivik, amalan keagamaan)
• Fizikal, persekitaran dan persaingan global
  (pemantapkan pembangunan mapan, memupuk
  kesedaran alam sekitar, meningkatkan daya saing)

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KEPENTINGAN PENDIDIKAN DEWASA

• Meningkatkan sosio-ekonomi rakyat
• Perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan
• Merealisasikan harapan rakyat dan matlamat negara
• Sebagai laluan kedua bagi yang tidak berpeluang
  untuk mengikuti pendidikan formal

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How do see Adult Education?

• Age of instant communication
• World without economic boundaries
• New service society
• New age of Leisure
• Changing shape of work
• Women in leadership
• Growing underclass
• Active aging of the population
• New do-it-yourself boon
• Triumph of individual
• Discontinuity/ambivalence of values and beliefs

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Reasons for participation and non participation

• Motivational orientation of learners (goal,
  oriented, and learning orientations)
• Barriers to participation (situational,
  institutional, dispositional, informational)
• Social perspective (maintenance of social system,
  reproduction of culture, individual advancement,
  legitimation, leisure time pursuit)

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Sebab mengikuti program Pendidikan Dewasa

• kenaikan pangkat dalam organisasi
• Mengisi masa lapang
• Satu tuntutan
• Menangi masalah
• Mendalami hobi

• Maksud sosial
• Memenuhi kepuasan sendiri
• Tanggungjawab sosial
• Banyak lagi . . .

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Sebab tidak ambil peluang Pendidikan Dewasa

• Kewangan
• Kesempitan masa
•    Kendiri (tidak berminat,
• malas, degil)
•   Tiada galakkan 

• Tiada kesedaran
• Lokasi yang jauh dengan sumber
• Tidak berpeluang
• Faktor kesihatan

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Learning Styles (Rogers)

• Activist - directly involve in activities
• Observers - wait and watch, then act
• Theorists - generalize exp. then apply
• Experimenters - create and apply
• (learning styles vary according to type of
  learning - memorize, acquisition, experiment)

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Learning Styles

• Auditory learners
• Learn by hearing key points
• Learning reinforce through spoken feedback
• Recall best what they hearned
• Visual Learners
• Learn thro seeing key words in written form
• Recall best when they read or seen
• Interested in actual work, role play

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Learning Styles

• Hands-on-learner
• Learn thro actual practice
• Respond well thro gp discussions
• Learn better with first hand experience
• Mixture learning style
• Best way to capture all audience

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What is Adult Education to You?

• How did you arrive at your philosophy?
• What are your notions of the key elements of
  Adult Education?
• Learner
• Content
• Educator/Facilitator
• Environment
• Learning Community
• Your futuristic view of Adult Education