Principles of Chemistry 1 Test 1 Review

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Principles of Chemistry 1Test 1 Review

• As Understood by Bo
• http//www.searchles.com/channels/show/3584

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Chapter 1

• Follow along in notes
• Significant Figures
• SI Units to Know
• Kilo 103 1000
• Centi 10-2 (ex. 100 cm 1 m)
• Milli 10-3 (ex. 1000 mm 1 m)
• Micro 10-6 (ex. 100,000 µm 1 m)
• Nano 10-9
• Know how to use temp. conversion eqns too!

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Chapter 1

• Precision vs. Accuracy
• Ex. - Target
• Questions on Chapter 1?

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Chapter 2

• Describing atoms
• Z atomic p
• A mass p n0
• Therefore of n0 A-Z

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Chapter 2

• Ex. 20Ne and 21Ne, how many neutrons and protons
  in each
• Z 10 p for both
• 20Ne gt A 20 p n0
• n0 A - Z gt 20 - 10 10
• 21Ne gt A 21 p n0
• n0 A - Z gt 21 - 10 11
• What does that make these two forms of Ne?

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Chapter 2

• ISOTOPES!
• Same element with different mass
• Same Z ( of p) but different number of n0
• Ex in class of Carbon-12 and Carbon-14

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Chapter 2

• How to find atomic mass (average of masses of the
  isotopes) based on abundances
• How to find abundance of and element of an
  based on atomic masses of the isotopes

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Chapter 2

• Periodic Table
• Where Z Located, Atomic symbol, atomic mass
• www.dayah.com/periodic
• Chalocogens (6A) - Ore Forming
• Charges based on Groups (1A, 2A, 3A, 5A, 6A, 7A)
• Staircase

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Chapter 2

• Now for some entertainment
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vGFIvXVMbII0NR1

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Chapter 2

• List of elements to know
• Al, Ar, As, Ba, B, Br, Ca, C, Cl, Cr, Co, Cu, F,
  Au (Like Akron U, the gold standard!!!)
• He, H, I, Kr, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ne, N, Ni,
  O, P, Pt, Pu, K, Rn, Si, Ag, Na, S, Sn, U, Xe, Zn
• Which exist as diatomic molecules?

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Chapter 2

• The 7 (Plus H) on the periodic table are all
  diatomic in nature
• H2, N2, O2, F2,Cl2, Br2, I2
• These are all covalent compounds, they share e-
  equally
• Ionic Compounds
• Usually a metal and a nonmetal
• One cation () and one anion (-)

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Chapter 2

• IF YOU DO NOT MEMORIZE THESE, CHEMISTRY WILL BE
  VERY DIFFICULT FOR YOU AND YOU WILL DO POORLY ON
  THIS EXAM!!!
• Chapter 2

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Chapter 2

• Why do chemists like Nitrates so much?

Theyre cheaper than day rates!
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Chapter 2

• IF YOU DO NOT MEMORIZE THESE, CHEMISTRY WILL BE
  VERY DIFFICULT FOR YOU AND YOU WILL DO POORLY ON
  THIS EXAM!!!

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Chapter 2

• Another one to know

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Chapter 2

• Acids
• -ate ion -ic acid (CH3COOH)
• -ide ion hydro____ic acid HCl (aq)
• Ionic Compound Naming (Metal and Nonmetal)
• CaCl2, NaCl, etc. Dont use di-tri, etc.
• Lowest ratio of components
• Binary Covalent Naming (Two non-metals)
• Dont need prefix for 1st element
• 2nd element has -ide ending
• 2nd element has di, tri, etc prefix
• So name BF3

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Chapter 2
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Chapter 2

• Calculating molecular (and formula) mass
• Molecular for covalently bonded compounds,
  formula for ionic compounds
• Ex. Calculate the molar mass of Ca(BO2)26H2O

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Chapter 2

• Ca(BO2)26 H2O
• How many Calcium atoms? What is atomic mass of
  Calcium?
• 1 Calcium at 40.08g/mol
• How many Borons?
• 2 _at_ 10.81 g/mol
• How many Oxygens?
• 4 from Ca(BO2)2 and 6 from H2O _at_ 16 g/mol
• How many Hydrogens?
• 12 _at_ 1.008 g/mol

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Chapter 2

• Ca(BO2)26 H2O
• 40.08(1 Ca)10.81(2 B)16(10 O)1.008(12 H)
  233.796 g/mol

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Chapter 3

• Do you have a mole problem?

• Call Avagadro at 602-1023

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Chapter 3

• Recommend programing Avagadros Number into your
  calculator
• TI-83
• Put in number, STO-gt, ALPHA, A
• Atomic mass in amu mass of one mole in grams
• Ex. Atomic for carbon is 12.01 amu, molar mass is
  12.01 g/mol

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Chapter 3
Chemistry Island
Avagadros Bridge
M.W. Bridge

• Gram island

Mol Island
Entity Island
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Practice

• Which formula of an ionic compound would NOT be
  correct
• ( a) Na2SO4
• ( b) MgCO3
• ( c) Ca2NO3
• ( d) NH4Cl

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Practice

• Ca2 and NO3-, should be Ca(NO3)2

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Practice

• Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 29.34 g
  of sodium sulfate.

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Practice

• What does sodium sulfate look like
• Na2SO4
• Now what?
• Formula weight of Na2SO4

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Practice

• What is the of C in sucrose (C12H22O11) by
  mass?
• Pretend you have 1 mol of sucrose
• 12 C atoms in 1 mol
• 12.01 g/mol for C
• M.W. for sucrose 342.296

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Practice

• Which is a chemical change?
• Melting wax
• Boiling water
• Broiling steak on a grill
• Carving a piece of wood
• Condensing water vapor into rainfall

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Practice

• Grilling a steak
• Give the correct formula and type of bonding for
  sodium oxide.

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Practice

• Metal and non-metal, probably ionic
• Na Sodium, Charge 1
• Oxide O, Charge 2-
• Na2O

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Practice

• What is the correct name for KClO3?
• Potassium Chlorate
• Potassium Chloride
• Potassium Chlorite
• Potassium (I) Chlorite
• Potassium (I) Chlorate

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Practice

• K and ClO3-
• Potassium ion and chlorate ion
• Potassium Chlorate

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Practice

• Balance the Equation
• B2O3 HF BF3 H2O

B 2 B 1 O 3 O 1
H 1 H 2 F 1 F 3 Lets start with
the B, make them equal on both sides, add 2 to BF3
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Practice

• B2O3 HF 2 BF3 H2O
• B 2 B 2
• O 3 O 1
• H 1 H 2
• F 1 F 6
• Now lets fix the Fs, add 6 to HF on Left side

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Practice

• B2O3 6HF 2 BF3 H2O
• B 2 B 2
• O 3 O 1
• H 6 H 2
• F 6 F 6
• Now H2O is all that is left to fixadd a 3 to
  H2O, it will give same of Hs and Os on right
  and left

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Practice

• B2O3 6HF 2 BF3 3H2O
• B 2 B 2
• O 3 O 3
• H 6 H 6
• F 6 F 6

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Practice

• Bromine-81 (81Br) isotope. Select the combination
  which lists the correct atomic , neutron , and
  mass , respectively
• 46,81,35
• 35,46,81
• 81,46,35
• 35,81,116

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Practice

• Z atomic 35 for Br from periodic table
• A mass p n0 81
• n0 A-Z 81-35 46

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Practice

• What volume, in L, of 10 M HCl is needed to make
  2.00L of a 2.00 M HCl solution by dilution with
  water?

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Practice

• M110 M
• V1 Unkn
• M2 2.00 M
• V2 2.00 L

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Practice

• Which of the following is a metalloid?
• Z
• S
• Br
• C
• Ge

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Practice

• Remember where metalloids are?
• Staircase
• Ge is a Metalloid

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Practice

• Empirical Formula
• Elemental analysis of an Ionic compound done,
  shows 2.82 g Na, 4.35 g Cl, 7.83 g O. What is the
  empirical formula of the compound?
• Start gt Find moles of each element present.

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Practice

• Now divide by the smallest to find the ratio of
  each element to the others

What is this compound called?
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Practice

• NaClO4
• Na and ClO4-
• Sodium and Perchlorate
• Sodium Perchlorate

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Questions?

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?va45dXztokZMfeature
  related