Employment and income

1
Employment and income

• NHDR workshopTraining on statistical indicators

emmanuel.boudard_at_undp.org May 2003
2
Employment
Slide 2

• Classic concepts of employment Labor force
  population employed or actively looking for
  employment
• Unemployed looking for employment
• Source Labor force survey or registered
  unemployment

3
Income
Slide 3

1. Important distinction between agricultural and
   non-agricultural sector
2. Very important indicator but few information. How
   to find information?

4
But
Slide 4

• Unemployment is not always meaningful (HDR 2002,
  p.144) because
• most countries lack relief programme, leaving
  people to engage in informal sector,
• a large share of people are self-employed
  agriculture
• ILO prefers to talk about underemployment for
  which data is being gathered

5
Underemployment

• Definition
• A partial lack of work, low employment income and
  underutilization of skills, or low productivity.

6
Employment in HDR and the MDGs
Slide 5

1. Present table for OECD countries with
   unemployment by gender, for youths and long-term
   unemployment
2. Present also economically active population
3. MDG present youth unemployment (15-24) by gender
   and percentage of women in non- agricultural wage
   employment

7
Larger concepts
Slide 6

• Information on informal economy or shadow economy
  is needed in order to complete the picture. ILO
  2002. Women and men in the informal economy A
  statistical picture. Employment sector
  publication.
• Underemployment
• Measuring decent work, see Anker et al. 2002,
  Measuring decent work with statistical
  indicators, working papers ILO.

8
Decent work
Slide 7

• Opportunities for women and men to obtain decent
  and productive work, in conditions of freedom,
  equity, security, and human dignity