Increasing Resources Use Efficiency and System Productivity in RiceWheat Systems of IndoGangetic Pla

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Increasing Resources Use Efficiency and System
Productivity in Rice-Wheat Systems of
Indo-Gangetic Plains (Karnal Site)
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OBJECTIVES

• Quantify the impact of Resource conservation
  tillage RCT on
• Water use at farm water course and distributary
  level
• 2. On ground water recharge and salt balance

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Site Selection
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(No Transcript)
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Narwana Branch Canal
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Pabnawa Minor, near Head
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Particulars of selected watercourses of Pabnawa
distributary
Total length of distributary36 km, Gross command
area GCA24176 ac Cultivable command area CCA
21226 ac
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Typical watercourse outlet structure Adjustable
Proportional Module (APM) Designed to give fixed
discharge when canal is operated close to design
discharge
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PARTICULARS OF SELECTED OUTLETS

• RD NO. GA/CCA (acre) IRRIG. AREA
  (acre) H B Y
  SIZE(cfs)
• 2820R 572/516 67
  0.84 0.25 0.47
  1.00
• 53705L 791/741 80
  1.60 0.32 0.62
  1.45
• 53705R 483/419 22
• (OF)
• 80000L 699/626 42
  1.48 0.40 0.73
  1.83
• PARTICULARS OF PABNAWA DISTRIBUTARY TOTAL
  DISCHARGE 59cfs(Rabi)
• TOTAL LENGTH OF DISTRIBUTARY 96,000 ft 71 cfs
  (Kharif)
• GROSS COMMAND AREA 30016acre
• CULTIVABLE COMMAND AREA 27225 acre
• TOTAL OUTLETS 43

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Head end watercourse, Pabnawa Minor
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Percentage of zero tillage Saturation

• At head is 25-30 (Roagarh)
• At middle is 25-30 (Pabnawa)
• At tail is 60-70 (Pharal)

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Infrastructure
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Infrastructure Facilities

• Two Research Associates
• Head office Kurukshetra
• Five Data Collectors

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Equipments

• Computer ? Piezometers
• Observation wells ? Moisture meter
• Water flumes ? Salinity probe
• Infiltrometers ? Water sampler
• Hydraulic conductivity ?Current meter
• meters

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Piezometer and observation well, Tik farm
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Data Collection Program
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Water observations

• Discharge of canal, outlets and watercourses at
  the time of irrigation
• Seepage losses in distributary and watercourses
  once in a season
• Observation wells, piezometers (weekly) and
  isopressure lines
• Ground water quality
• Moisture measurements before and after each
  irrigation and at an interval of 10 days

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IRRIGATION

• CANAL WATER
• FLOW MEASUREMENT IN CANAL AND WATERCOURSE
• SEEPAGE LOSS
• DEVELOPMENT OF CALIBRATION CURVE FOR EACH OUTLET
• TUBEWELL DISCHARGE
• CO-ORDINATE METHOD
• HOURS OF OPERATION

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Typical 3-inch (7.5 cm) diameter tubewell
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Water Balance Component

• Irrigation (canal water/Tubewell water)
• Rainfall
• Evapotranspiration
• Deep percolation
• Surface drainage

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Estimated actual evapotranspiration using SEBAL
analysis on LANDSAT 7 image, Rabi season 2000
Head
Kurukshetra
Middle
Karnal
Kaital
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Soil observations

• Soil texture (International pipette method),
  saturation percentage (paste method), soil
  moisture characteristics (pressure plate
  apparatus),
• soil strength (penetrometer), bulk density
  (core method), infiltration rate (close top
  infiltrometer) and hydraulic conductivity
  (constant head method) will be determined once in
  a season for five main sites only
• Soil organic carbon (Walkley and Black method),
  soil salinity (EC and pH) of a profile will be
  determined once in a season for all the sites

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Crop observations

• Phenology of crop
• Date of sowing
• Date of emergence
• Date of panicle initiation
• Date of anthesis
• Date of milking
• Date of maturity
• Leaf area index at different crop growth stages
• Crop height at different crop growth stages
• Dry matter yield

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Conventional and RCT fields, Tik farm
Conventional
5-year zero till
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Historical data

• Meteorological data sunshine hours, maximum
  temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall,
  relative humidity, wind speed, wind velocity and
  pan evaporation
• Ground water data ground water fluctuation data
  of last ten years, lethology of wells and check
  maps from irrigation department
• Socio economic data

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Results
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CANAL WATER SUPPLY AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF
PABNAWA MINOR
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CANAL WATER AVAILABILITY AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
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FLOW MEASUEREMENT IN THE WATERCOURSE AT DIFFERENT
POINTS TO DETRMINE SEEPAGE LOSS
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TUBEWELL DISCHARGE AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF
PABANWA MINOR
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COMPARISON OF CANAL OPERATION HOURS FOR 1ST AND
2ND IRRIGATION (ZERO TILLAGE FIELDS)
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COMPARISON OF TUBEWELL OPERATION HOURS FOR 1ST
AND 2ND IRRIGATION(ZERO TILLAGE)
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COMPARISON OF TUBEWELL OPERATION HOURS FOR 1ST
AND 2ND IRRIGATION (CONVENTIONAL FIELD)
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COMPARISON OF 1ST IRRIGATION APPLICATION DEPTH IN
ZERO TILLAGE AND CONVENTIONAL FIELD
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WATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN PABNAWA TAIL
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WELL LETHOLOGY

• SOIL PROFILE SOIL TYPE
• 0---5 CLAY LOAM
• 518 SILTY CLAY LOAM
• 1829 SANDY LOAM
• 2938 LOAMY SAND
• 3852 SANDY LOAM
• 5295 COARSE SAND
• 95105 CLAY

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BULK DENSITY (PABNAWA MIDDLE)CONTROLLED SITE

• PROFILE DEPTH (cm) BULK DENSITY(gm/cm3)
• 05 1.46
• 510 1.44
• 1015 1.61
• 1520 1.71
• 2025 1.56
• 2530 1.62
• 3035 1.56
• 3540 1.64
• 4045 1.48
• 45---50 1.57
• 5055 1.45
• 5560 1.55
• 6065 1.47
• 6570 1.63
• 7075 1.54
• 9095 1.58
• 95100 1.69

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REPRESENTATION OF AVERAGE INFILTRATION RATE
VERSUS TIME (Pabnawa Middle)