Dr' Ebru MEHMETLI

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TAIEX REGIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMMEHAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS IN TURKEY

• Dr. Ebru MEHMETLI
• Principal Researcher
• 14 July 2009
• Kocaeli

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CONTENTS

• Institute Structure
• Hazardous Waste Management Projects

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INSTITUTE STRUCTURE
MISSION

• Help, develop environmental policies based on
  science and technology
• Practicing and disseminating Best Available
  Technologies (BAP)
• Practicing and disseminating Best
  Environmental Practices (BEP)
• Providing industrial services (consulting and
  engineering services)
• Providing accredited laboratory services

VISION
The Environment Institute aims to enhance the
countrys competitive edge and raise the standard
of living through sustainable development in line
with national priorities.
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EMPLOYEE PROFILE
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QUALITY MANAGEMENT

• 2003 EFQM Public Category, National Quality Prize
• ISO 90012000
• ISO 140012004
• ISO 17025 (57 parameter have been accredited in 3
  laboratories)

European Foundation for Quality Management
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LABORATORIES
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SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT GROUP
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Recovery Technologies for Solid Wastes
• Mechanical separation (Metal, Glass, PVC etc.)
• Biogas and Compost production
• Biogas Process Improvement
• Biogas plant design and process tests
• Biogas upgrading and utilization
• Sludge Disposal and Recovery Technologies
• Anaerobic transformation-Biogas
• Drying technologies
• Compost
• Solidification/Stabilization

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SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT GROUP
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Hazardous Waste Management
• Disposal of hazardous wastes and evaluation as
  alternative products
• Characterization analyses for wastes listed in
  Turkish Waste Management Regulation
• Laboratory services of national regulations
  parameters
• Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) analysis,
  removal and inventory studies
• Hazardous waste modeling/ Risk assessment
• Technologies for the minimization of hazardous
  waste production (BAT/BEP)

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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
Most favoured option
Least favoured option

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Main Disposal Methods for Hazardous Wastes in
Turkey
Incineration
Landfill

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Landfill Criteria
Criteria for Landfilling

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Landfill Criteria
Criteria for Landfilling

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PROJECTS

• Determination of Disposal Method for Tannery
  Wastewater Treatment Sludge
• 2004

Customer Directorate of Istanbul Leather
Industrial Zone Budget 28.000 Euro

• Aims
• Detemination of most suitable disposal methods by
  using solidification/stabilization process to get
  compliance with landfill criteria placed in the
  Hazardous Waste Control Regulation
• Outputs
• Convertion of hazardous wastes to non-hazardous
  waste.

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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE
Process Overview of S/S Technology The S/S
treatment involves mixing a binding reagent into
the contaminated media or waste.
cement based binders Portland cement Cement kiln
dust Fly-ash mixtures
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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE

• Within the frame of the above explanations, the
  key
• scientific and technical issues for S/S
  technologies
• addressed includes
• binder selection
• technology selection
• testing according to the regulations.

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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE
Factors which affect the selection, design,
implementation and performance of S/S processes
and products are ? Waste/contaminant
characteristics (chemical and physical) ? Process
type and processing requirements ? S/S product
management objective ? Regulatory requirements ?
Feasibility.
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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE
EXPERIMENTAL The tannery sludge collected at
different dates from a tannery wastewater
treatment facility was solidified by mixing with
additives, e.g. ? gypsum, ? lime, ? activated
carbon and, ? zeolite in different proportions.
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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE
? The effectiveness of the solidification process
was evaluated by the leaching test to define the
amount of the toxic material in the eluate. ?
Leaching of raw sludge and the treated sludge was
performed according to DIN 38414 - S4.
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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE
? The eluates were analyzed regarding to the
criteria given in the Turkish Regulation of
Hazardous Waste Control, TRHWC (27.08.1995).
However, TRHWC was updated and therefore, the
limit values were changed on 14.03.2005. It has
to be mentioned that this study was terminated
just before the publication of the new TRHWC. ?
Standard methods were used in these analyses.
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SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF TANNERY SLUDGE
CONCLUSIONS The lowest concentration of the
examined parameters required in the TRHWC was
obtained during binding the sludge with
zeolite. In general, the lower concentrations of
hazardous substances were obtained with
increasing content of the additive. This study
describes the application of S/S technology as an
alternative treatment technology to the sludge
derived from the treatment system of a leather
tanning industry and therefore, to convert the
waste into solid and non-hazardous waste form
suitable for landfill disposal in Turkey.
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Regulation for Hazardous Waste as Additional Fuel
Stack Gas Emission Criteria
All measurements and analysis results have been
corrected according to temperature of 273 K,
pressure of 101.13 kPa and 11 of O2 content of
dry bases gas.

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PROJECTS
Recovery Methods for Hazardous Wastes in Turkey

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PROJECTS
Main Waste Recovery Activities in Turkey

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PROJECTS
Control of the Waste Mineral Oils and
Establishment of Monitoring System R9

•  The aim of this project is, by using a
  sustainable method for the produced waste mineral
  oils which are about 250 000 tons per year
• to increase the collection and usage capacity of
  waste mineral oils,
• to prevent the discharge of mineral waste oils
  to the environment according to
• environmental friendly developments,
• to prepare the technical and administrative
  standards for the temporary deployment,
• transportation and  elimination of waste oils
  without harming the environment and human
• health,
• establishment of temporary deployment areas and
  recycling plants and formation of an
• efficient control and monitoring systems to
  the management of those plants.
• to prepare a very detailed inventory about waste
  mineral oils and to make annual
• predictions about waste mineral oils field and
  establishment of control over the mineral oil
• field,
• to form an efficient control, and monitoring
  system on waste mineral oil field,
• to prevent the usage of waste mineral oils in
  oil smuggling,
• to improve the abilities of cooperation on waste
  oil usage and formation of sustainable
• waste management,
• to establish the usage of database supported
  computer program efficiently and by this way
• the outputs of the project will be used with
  high added value.

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PROJECTS

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PROJECTS
Hazardous Waste Management in Compliance with
European Union Environmental Regulations in
Turkey 2009 - 2013
Customer Ministry of Environment and
Forestry Partners ODTÜ, ITÜ, Marmara Üni.,
GYTE Supporter TÜBITAK 1007
programi Budget 2.557.640 TL (660.100 TL
MRC)

• Aims
• Development of an inventory of hazardous waste
  generation in Turkey and its distribution
  according to industry
• Determination of most suitable disposal methods
  considering the current country and regional
  conditions and compliance with EU directives
• Development of hazardous waste information system
• Determination of hazardous waste generation
  factors
• Outputs
• Hazardous waste information system
• HW genarating factors and Amount of HW
• Road Map for HW Disposal and Recovery
• National Hazardous Waste Management System

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WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
Properties of hazardous waste Waste classified
as hazardous are considered to display one or
more of the properties listed in Annex III to
Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste which
are H1 explosiveH2 oxidizing H3-A highly
flammable H3-B flammable H4 irritant H5 harmful
H6 toxic H7 carcinogenic H8 corrosive H9
infectious
H10 teratogenicH11 mutagenic H12 substances
and preparations which release toxic or very
toxic gases in contact with water, air or an
acid.H13 substances and preparations capable by
any means, after disposal, of yielding another
substance, e.g. a leakage, which possesses any of
the characteristics listed above.H14 ecotoxic

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WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
Coding system The European Waste List includes
839 Types of waste. They are all fully defined by
the six-digit code for the waste and the
respective two-digit and four-digit chapter
headings Waste category Waste description XX
YY ZZ Waste A XX Chapter 01 to
20 YY Sub-chapter 01 to maximal
14 ZZ Listings 01 to maximal 41 and 99

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WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

• Absolute Entries - Hazardous waste regardless
  of any threshold concentrations A
• Mirror Entries- Hazardous waste only if
  dangerous substances are present above M

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WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
Mirror entries Beside the wastes which are
classified as non-hazardous or hazardous there
are 190 so-called mirror entries. This arose from
the fact that with certain types of waste,
significantly different levels of contamination
could be present. As a rule, mirror entries are
formulated as follows Waste category Waste
description XX YY ZZ Waste A, containing
dangerous substances And the complementary XX
YY Z(Z1) Waste A other than those mentioned in
XX YY ZZ

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WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
Characteristics of hazardous waste Atigin
tehlikelilik özelligini belirlemeye yönelik
içerik belirleme analizleri yapilmaktadir. ?
flash point lt 55 C, ? one or more substances
classified(7) as very toxic at a total
concentration gt 0,1 , ? one or more
substances classified as toxic at a total
concentration gt 3 , ? one or more substances
classified as harmful at a total concentration gt
25 , ? one or more corrosive substances
classified as R35 at a total concentration gt 1
, ? one or more corrosive substances classified
as R34 at a total concentration gt 5 , ? one
or more irritant substances classified as R41 at
a total concentration gt 10 , ? one or more
irritant substances classified as R36, R37, R38
at a total concentration gt 20 ,

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WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
? one substance known to be carcinogenic of
category 1 or 2 at a concentration gt 0,1 , ?
one substance known to be carcinogenic of
category 3 at a concentration gt 1 ? one
substance toxic for reproduction of category 1 or
2 classified as R60, R61 at a concentration gt
0,5 , ? one substance toxic for reproduction of
category 3 classified as R62, R63 at a
concentration gt 5 , ? one mutagenic substance
of category 1 or 2 classified as R46 at a
concentration gt 0,1 , ? one mutagenic
substance of category 3 classified as R40 at a
concentration gt 1 . The R-codes are from the
Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on
the approximation of laws, regulations and
administrative provisions relating to the
classification, packaging and labelling of
dangerous substances. The R-codes describes the
danger of the substances.

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PROJECTS
Capacity Building of Dioxin Measurement
Laboratories and Compilation of Inventory for
Selected Industries 2004 - 2006
State Institution Ministry of Environment and
Forestry Partners TÜBITAK MRC and TÜBITAK
NMI Funding National funds (SPO)

• Objectives
• To enhance dioxin measurement capability of first
  Dioxin Laboratory of Turkey
• To increase of national and international project
  concerning dioxin
• Outcomes
• Dioxin Laboratory which is capable to dioxin
  analysis for different matrices, execute applied
  training courses
• As a requirements of Stockholm Convention,
  environmental impacts of POPs is produced by
  Dioxin Laboratory
• Clean production alternatives for dioxin produced
  industrial sectors will be investigated due to
  importance of this issue

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PROJECTS
Investigation of Asbestos Contamination  in  ATAS
Refinery Disassembling Wastes and Detemination of
Disposal Methods 2009 - 2010
Customer T.C. Mersin Valiligi Il Çevre ve
Orman Md. Destekleyen Anadolu
Tasfiyehanesi A.S. (ATAS) Proje Bütçesi
122.850 TL

• Aims
• Detemination of Asbestos contamination during
  disassembling of ATAS Refinery
• Characterization of wastes in the Plant Area
• Determination of disposal methods acoording to
  waste characteristics
• Outputs
• Asbestos contamination map
• Waste characterization
• Waste disposal methods

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PROJECTS

• Determination and Evaluation of Dioxin/Furans
  (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Bifenils (PCBs)
  Pollution Levels in the Environment
• 2007 - 2008

Müsteri Kurulus KIPLASMA Endüstriyel Atik
Entegre Bertaraf San. ve Tic. A.S. Proje Bütçesi
104.000 TL

• Amaçlar
• Determination and evaluation of dioxin/furans
  (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated bifenils (PCBs)
  pollution levels in the food and environment of
  the area where will be planed to establish
  Incineration Plant
• Benc marking of obtained the results and limits
  in the Natioanal and EU Regulations
• Evaluation of health risk
• Outputs
• PCDD/F and PCB Pollution Maps
• Determination of daily dosage of receiving body
  (TDI)

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PROJECTS
National Implementation Plan for POPs 2004 - 2006
Customer UNIDO Turkey Budget
122.850 TL

• Aims
• Preparation of sub report of POP Emissions in
  the content of Stockholm Convention
• Outputs
• Inventory of POP Emissions sourced from industry
  in TURKEY
• National Implementation Plan for POPs

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CONCLUSIONS
Current hazardous waste hierarchy
Future hazardous waste hierarchy

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• THANK YOU...
• TÜBITAK MRC
• PK. 21, 41470 GEBZE, KOCAELI
• Tel [phone] Fax [phone]
• www.mam.gov.tr