Mapping

1

• Mapping creation of detail database of mining
  and metallurgical activities and disposal sites
  in Serbia

Authors Marija Korac, M.Sc. metallurgy eljko
Kamberovic, Ph.D. metallurgy
2
Motive

• Extended mining and metallurgical activities in
  relation to lack of appropriate remediation
  technology caused environmental degradation.
• The water resources near industries are
  contaminated by generated wastes, dumped without
  efficient pretreatment.

3
Objectives

• Mapping major mining and metallurgical activities
  and sites where industrial wastes are disposed.
• Collection and managining of available
  informations for mapped industries
• This level will define
• the size, kind and distribution of the major
  mining and metallurgical industries
• quantity and characteristics of produced wastes
• production and waste management technology
• extent of regional water resources contamination

4

• US Steel Serbia
• The abac Plant
• Zajaca, Loznica
• RTB Bor, Bor
• Trepca Complex
• Rudnik, Rudnik
• Thermal Power Plant Kostolac
• Thermal Power Plant Kolubara

5
Mapped locations

• US Steel Serbia
• On 1913. Serbian mining and smelting industrial
  society was found in Smederevo called SARTID. The
  main reason was existance of rail, road and river
  near by as transportation way for ore and coal.
  On year 1963 SARTID becomes integrated steel
  plant. On 2003. United States Steel Corporation
  purchases steel plant and it became US Steel
  Serbia d.o.o.
• The abac Plant
• Started with production in 1955 as
  Zorka-chemistry. Expanding of capacity took place
  in the seventies (30 000t of electrolytic zinc
  and 110 t of metal cadmium). Due to privatization
  problem plant is not in operating condition, all
  metallurgical activities are closed!
• Zajaca, Loznica
• It starded as primary production of antimony, but
  today they produce lead from sesondary raw
  material, acid lead accumulatore. Positive
  effort, instalation of new separation-melting-rafi
  nation line
• RTB Bor, Bor
• First geological explorations of copper ore at
  Bor were conducted in 1897 covering the area
  called Tilva Rosh. The Company, started
  operations on June 01, 1904. During 1993 the
  Company made various investments. In the 2006
  started privatization process.

6
Mapped locations

• Trepca Complex
• Started in 1926. Trepca was taken in 1944 by
  partisans and a new period of ruthless
  exploitation to achieve maximum outputs with
  minimum investments began. Trepca's business
  collapsed in the period 1988-94. On 12 September
  1999 KFOR troops barred access to the Trepca
  workers
• Rudnik, Rudnik
• Rudnik, mined since 1952, is the only one still
  operating. Production has been about 7 Mt of ore.
  Bismuth and gold occur, and the presence of
  platinoids is reported. Privatized in 2006.
  Working with increasing production, low impact on
  environment
• Thermal Power Plant Kostolac
• Production of electric energy in Kostolac last
  for more than 50 years. The first power plant was
  instaled in 1948, power 8MW. Power plants
  Kostolac annualy produce 4 mil. kWh of electric
  energy or 10 of total power consumption in
  country.
• Thermal Power Plant Kolubara
• Located at the edge of Kolubara coal basin.
  Capacity 245 MW. The power plant is constructed
  next to the lignite open-pit mine "Tamnava-West
  field" which is its fuel supplier.

7
Form
8
Questionary
Sent to all relevant addresses from mapped
locations, but NO REPLY
9
Collection of data

• Local Action Environmental Plans-LEAP
• Previous and current studies projects
• faculties
• institutes
• World Wide Web

10
Sample of completed form-RTB Bor
11
Background data
http//www.labmet.ntua.gr/intreat/
12
RTB Bor disposal sites

• With upto now mining and metallurgical activities
  on theritory of municipality Bor is deposited
  450106t of cover, 207106t of flotation tailings
  and 23106t of smelter slag. This waste
  represents 99.947 of total deposited waste on
  theritory of municipality Bor.
• Cover is deposited beside open pits without
  adequate protection measures.
• Reverb furnace slag is very stabile and is
  deposited beside smelter (far away from water
  streams), with insignificant changes caused by
  atmosphere conditions.

13
RTB Bor disposal sites

• There are two flotation-tailing dams at Bor Bor
  (RTH) and Veliki Krivelj.
• The Veliki Krivelj tailing is located in the
  Kriveljska River valley 4km south from village
  Veliki Krivelj and 7-8km from village Ostrelj,
  and has been created by the deviation of river
  (tunnel-2400m and collector-1700m) and by damming
  the river downstream and upstream (three dams).
  Two symmetric flotation tailings were
  constructed. with volumes of 94.3106 m3 and
  89,4106 m3, respectively. Total area of this
  flotation tailings is 334ha and up to now is
  deposited 170 mil t of flotation tailings. For
  future it is planned to expand field I and build
  up dam 1 and 2 from todays 350m up to 385m.
  Deposition on this flotation tailings started at
  1984. ? serious accident risk spot concerns the
  Veliki Krivelj tailing pond, due to the
  possibility of breaking of the Krivelj ska River
  collector. If the damages on the collector are
  not repaired, the dams (1?, IIA and IIIA) can
  breack, causing severe environmental damage.
  Transport to this flotation tailings is
  gravitaionaly trough cannal.
• The RTH tailing was constructed in the area of
  the R?H Open pit, and then expanded to a part of
  the Borska riverbed, which was dammed. Deposition
  started in 1985. The total area occupied by the
  RTH tailing is 86.4ha (volume 94.3106 m3) with
  52.8 mil t of flotation tailings. Distance from
  river and from toen is equal, 1km.
• Old Bor flotation tailings is located within
  plant flotaion Bor. This flotation tailings isnt
  in exploitation since 1985. Total surface of
  tailings is 57ha of which 30ha is recultivated
  and 27ha is under water.

14
Sample of completed form-Kostolac
15
Kostolac-disposal sites

• Thermal plant ''Kostolac'' (TEKO) are located
  nearby town Kostolac on around 20km from
  Poarevca. It is composed of two thermal
  plants''Kostolac A'' i ''Kostolac B''.
• Ash and slag disposal site is located on ''Middle
  island of Kostolac''. Total surface area of
  disposal site is around 230 ha on basic dam. It
  is devided in three casettes (A,B,C). Casettes B
  and C are dimilar in surface area (B60 ha, C70
  ha) while casette A has surface area of 85 ha.
• Amounts of ash and slag available for disposal
  is
• TE KO A1 48.6 t/h
• TE KO A2 83.2 t/h
• TE KO B1 105.54 t/h
• TE KO B2 105.54 t/h
• On annual level production of slag and ash is
  (for 6000 working hours)
• TE KO A 790 800 t
• TE KO B 1 266 000 t
• Total for both thermal plants 2 056 800 t.
• Currently, ash and slag are disposed by special
  pipeline, by mixing with water in ratio 110. In
  the next three to four years TEKO is planning to
  transfer to new technology of diposal. New
  technology will include mixing with water in rato
  11, disabling scattering of ash and slag from
  disposal casettes. With project is forcasted that
  transport system of both blocks of thermal plant
  Kostolac B is reconstructed replacing current
  hydaulic transport of thinly mixture whith
  hydraulic transport of thick hydro-mixture.
  Transfering to new technology will enable
  disposal of larger quantities of slag and ash on
  tha same area as up to now. Besides, significant
  investments will be in project of conveying of
  oil contaminated wastewaters.

16
Next step

• Assesment of utilized technologies and definition
  of potential and fasible technological
  improvement that could be taken in consideration
• Comparison with Best Available Techniques (BAT)