Chapter Four

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Chapter Four

• Growth, Diversity, and Crisis
• Colonial Society 1720-1765

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Freehold Society in New England

• Farm Families womens Place
• Farm Property Inheritance
• The Crisis of Freehold Society

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The Mid-Atlantic Towards a New Society 1720-1765

• Opportunity and Equality
• Cultural Diversity
• Religious Identity and Political Conflict

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IMPACT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT ONCOLONIAL THOUGHT

• Medieval Mind Set
• All men must unquestionably obey their spiritual
  and secular rulers.
• Society and thought were static, with progress
  not to be expected.
• Life on earth was an unpleasant interlude to be
  borne without complaint in the hope of eternal
  salvation.

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Medieval Mind set Continue

• Man was at the complete mercy of an arbitrary God
  who personally decreed each event of nature for
  the benefit of His creatures.
• Beginnings of the New Science
• Scientists now pictured a universe governed by
  natural laws rather than special decree.

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New science continued

• As one basic medieval belief had been proved
  wrong, all could be questioned.

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Philosophers That influencedColonial Thinking

• Rene Decartes The Cartesian Doubt.
• Cogito Ergo Sum
• If I Am, Then God Is
• God Validates my Thought
• John Locke Implicit Social Compact.
• God
• King
• People

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Philosophers Continued

• Fredrick Hegel Dynamic Idealism
• Life is a Thesis
• For every Thesis there is an Antithesis
• Evolve into a Synthesis

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THE GREAT AWAKENING

• The Great Awakening was a religious revival that
  occurred during the 1720s through the 1740.
• People involved during the Great Awakening.
• Jonathan Edwards The Congregationalists Church
  in Northampton, Massachusetts.
• Sermon A Sinner in the hands of an Angry
  God.

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Great Awakening Continued

• Scholarship element to Sermons.
• Emotionalism in preaching.

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Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)
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GREAT AWAKENINGCONTINUED

• Gilbert Tennent-Presbyterian Church.
• William Tennent- Founder of Log Cabin School.
• Sermon Dangers of an unconverted Ministry.
• John Hancock Dangers of an Unqualified
  ministry.
• Theodore Frelinghausen-Dutch Reform Church.

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Great Awakening Continued

• George Whitefield-Church of England(Anglican).
  The great itinerant Preacher. Traveled many
  times to various places in English colonies in
  North America.

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RESULTS OF GREAT AWAKENING

• IN THE CHURCHES
• Great Growth 15-25 Started to go to Church
• Collapse of traditional parish line role.
• Split in Denominations
• Congregationalists Church Old Lights --New
  Lights
• Presbyterians Old Side New Side

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RESULTS IN CHURCH CONDINUED

• Educational Institutions founded
• Brown
• Rutgers
• Dartmouth
• Princeton

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Political Results

• Concrete expression of the Democratic Spirit.
• Preparatory to Rise in Nationalism
• Contributed to separation of Church and State.

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EXCESSES OF THE GREAT AWAKENING

• Censeriousness
• Emotionalism in Preaching
• Frightening and pressurized Sermons
• James Davenport

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