VI' CONFLICT and The POWER of The STATE

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VI.CONFLICT and The POWER of The STATE
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A. Introduction

• 1. What is the root of all evil?
• Greed Gluttony
  Envy Sloth
  
  
• Lust
  Wrath Pride
• 
  7
• 
  Deadly
• 
  Sins

www.deathreference.com
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• 2. noits

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• 3. criminogenesis of this perspective
  revolves around
• confrontation, because of greed /
  avarice, to attain
• monetary advantage
• gt approach has its historical origins in
  Hegel, Marx and the
• Chicago School
• 4. conflict thought emerged throughout the
  mid 20th Century
• social realities (World War I, The
  Depression) , but gained
• popularity during the cultural
  revolution of the 1960s

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B. Intellectual Legacy

• 1. Georg Hegel (1770-1831)
• a) change / progress is inevitable and
  
• is a social necessity that
  follows
• social conflict
• b) because people are rational, they
• learn from their mistakes and
  thus
• learn to minimize their
  conflict
• c) advanced the Dialectic model
• gt Thesis X Antithesis
  Synthesis

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• 2. Karl Marx (1818-1883)
• a) unequal distribution of economic and
• social
  resources is the cause of human
• conflict
• b) people
  are guided by their ability (or
• 
  inability) to generate material production
• c) the
  ability to compete in market production
• dictates
  social success or social failure
• d) economic determinism (some are
  better equipped to
• compete in the market place than
  others) creates a class
• distinction that both assuages
  and encourages conflict

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• e) social revolution is the product of
  conflict between the
• owners of meansof production (the
  Bourgeoisie) and the
• producers / workers of this
  production (the Proletariat)
• 1) an artifact of this conflict is
  the development of the
• insulators between the workers
  and the owners the
• middle class and the law
  enforcers
• 2) i.e., running dog lackeys of the
  bourgeoisie

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• 3. Georg Simmel (1858-1918)
• a) every society ostracizes a significant
  segment of
• its population
• b) these marginals are of society but not
  part of it
• c) individuals identify their worth
  through the eyes
• of these social others
• gt they provide the social reference
  point of Im
• better than they are
• 4. Max Weber
  (1864-1920)
• a) society is structured so that
  every members fulfills
• 
  specific social roles
• b) argued
  that organized religion Catholicism and

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C. Conflict Approaches

• 1. Radical Theory
• a. a combination of economic and
  social structure discussions
• b. popularized in the 1960s as an
  alternative to capitalistic materialism
• which was seen as mechanism
  oppressing the masses
• c. highlighted the struggle /
  conflict between the haves and have-nots
• Bourgeoisie vs the Proletariats
• d. proponents
• 1) Ralf Dahrendorf (1958)
  Consensus vs Coercion
• a) government by
  consensus is utopian philosophy
• 
  gt there will always be those
  who must be forced to
• comply
  with the social order

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• 2) Richard Quinney (1970) The Social
  Reality of Crime
• a) crime is defined /
  created by politicians

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• b) conflict with those who have
  the power to shape public policy
• 
  c) crime definitions are
  applied to specific segments of the
  
• population
• 
  d) crime definitions are
  distributed by various media
• 
  e) the reality of crime is constructed,
  developed, and applied onto
• specific segments of the
  population by those who shape that
• reality
• gt the ruling class /
  power elite
• f) types of state crime
• 1 crimes of domination
  and repression price fixing
• 
  
  pollution
• 2 crimes of
  government corruption political assassination

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• 2. New Criminology
• (Ian Taylor, Paul Walton, and Jock
  Young, 1973)
• a. crime is a social disease, but, it
  is normal, even expected
• b. as societal members become
  demoralized by lifes daily
• pressures, engulfed by daily
  temptations, and denied
• legitimate avenues to social
  advantage, they engage in
• crime
• c. economic / political / social
  systems converge to create
• untenable personal situations
• d. criminals are not unique, they are
  victims of social
• inequities

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• 3. Labeling Theory
• a. legacy of the symbolic interaction
  paradigm of the
• Chicago School
• b. proponents
• 1) Charles Horton Cooley
  (1864-1929)
• looking
  glass self
• gt we all see
  ourselves through
• the
  eyes of others
• 2) W I Thomas
  (1863-1947)
• 
  definition of the situation
• gt a
  situation is seen as
• 
  normal if those who

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• 3) Robert K Merton (1910-2003)
  
• self-fulfilling prophecy
• gt we act as we do
  based on the expectations
• of others and ourselves
• 4) Frank Tannenbaum (1893-1969)
  
• dramatization of evil social
  tagging
• 5) Edwin Lemert (1912-1996)
  primary and secondary deviance
• a) primary deviance the
  initial behavior that causes recognition
• gt the behavior
  that is identified as deviant that gains the
  attention of
• authorities
• b) secondary deviance societys
  response to that behavior and then the
• subsequent behaviors that result
  from societys response

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D. Conclusion

• 1. society is made up of diverse
  groups often at conflict with each other
• 2. various cultural norms and
  identities confuse and contradict
• 3. social resources is typically the
  focus
• 4. law is not equally distributed,
  neither is its creation nor application
• 5. conflict perspective defines all
  crime as political crime
• gt law is mostly applied onto
  those who have little to do with its creation
• 6. individual behaves aberrantly
• 7. behavior is noticed (an arrest) by
  authorities and responds
• 8. upon being labeled, individual will act
  in the manner consistent with