Tissue Types

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Tissue Types
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Tissue Types

• Tissue group of cells performing the same
  function Cells Tissue
• 4 types of tissue
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

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1. Epithelium -- Qualities

• A. Epithelial cells cover all exposed surfaces
  of the body
• Skin
• Lining of mouth and GI system
• Lining of blood vessels
• Lining of the uterus
• Lining of respiratory airways

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1. Epithelium -- Qualities

• Epithelial cells have polarity
• Epithelial cells have apical and basal surfaces.
• Apical surface
• is the exposed
• surface
• Basal surface
• comes in
• contact with
• underlying
• cells

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These cells resemble the cells that line the
inside of your cheek or oral cavity.
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1. Epithelium -- Qualities

• C. Epithelial cells are avascular (without blood
  or blood vessels).
• How do epithelial cells receive nutrients?

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1. Epithelium -- Qualities

• Epithelial cells have high capacity to
  regenerate.
• Cells at exposed surfaces (skin and lining of
  stomach) are easily damaged and die and can be
  replaced.
• Now..why do you think epithelium is avascular?
• And, why do you think regeneration is an
  important quality of epithelial cells?

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1. Epithelium -- Functions

• Protection
• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Secretion
• All glands of the body are epithelial in origin.
• Sweat and oil glands
• Mammary glands
• Enzyme secretion
• Sensory detection
• Contain nerve ending that can detect many
  sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature,
  light, taste, smell, hearing and equilibrium

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1. Epithelium -- Classification

• Many types of epithelial cells
• Many different functions of epithelial cells
• How do we classify the various types?
• Cell shape (3)
• of cell layers (2)

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Cell Shape (3)

1. Squamous (flat)
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar

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Squamous Epithelium
These cells resemble the cells that line the
inside of your cheek or oral cavity.
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Cuboidal Epithelium
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Columnar Epithelium
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1. Epithelium -- Classification

• Many types of epithelial cells
• Many different functions of epithelial cells
• How do we classify the various types?
• Cell shape (3)
• of cell layers (2)

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of layers

1. Simple single layer of epithelial cells
2. Stratified more than one layer of epithelial
   cells

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Simple Squamous Epithelium

• Single layer of flat cells with an exposed surface

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• Multiple layers of flat cells with an exposed
  surface
• Skin is great example

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Ciliated Epithelium

• Found on apical surface of epithelial cells in
  respiratory and reproductive organs
• Moves surface objects in one direction
• What objects are
• we talking about?

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Glands

• All glands with ducts are epithelial in origin.

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4 Tissue Types

1. Epithelium
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

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2. Connective Tissue (CT)

• Designed to support, protect and bind organs as
  well as stores fat and transports gases,
  nutrients, hormones and wastes
• It is the glue and packing material of the body

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Composition of CT

1. Specialized cells
2. Ground substance produced by the CT cells and
   can either be semisolid (cartilage) or solid
   (bone)
3. Extracellular protein fibers collagen, elastin
4. Matrix -- 2 plus 3

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Components of CT

• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

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Classification of CT
X
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Classification of CT

• Connective Tissue Proper
• Loose CT
• Dense CT
• Supporting CT
• Cartilage
• Bone

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Classification of CT Proper

• Loose CT can be distorted without damage, an
  open framework, the packing material of the body

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Loose CT

• Adipose (fat) CT
• What does adipose CTconnect to what?

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Classification of CT Proper

• Dense CT densely packed, cannot be stressed too
  much without damage
• Ligaments attach bone to bone
• Tendons attach muscle to bone

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Dense CT
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Classification of CT

• Connective Tissue Proper
• Loose CT
• Dense CT
• Supporting CT
• Cartilage
• Bone

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Classification of Supporting CT

• Cartilage firm, gel-like matrix, semi-flexible.
• 3 types
• Hyaline articular cartilage, nose
• Fibrocartilage intervertebral disk, pubic
  symphysis, cartilage of knee joint
• Elastic external ear

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1. Hyaline

• Chondrocyte specialized cell of cartilage
• Lacuna spaces within matrix that cells occupy

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2. Fibrocartilage

• Resists compression
• Absorbs shock

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3. Elastic

• Provides good
• flexibility

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Classification of Supporting CT

• Bone more solid than cartilage and provides
  more support but is also more brittle

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4 Tissue Types

1. Epithelium
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

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3. Muscle

• 3 types of muscle
• Smooth walls of blood vessels, gut and
  respiratory tree, reproductive tract.involuntary
• Cardiac walls of the heart.involuntary
• Skeletal muscles attached to skeleton, majority
  of muscles in the body.voluntary

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1. Smooth muscle
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2. Cardiac muscle
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3. Skeletal muscle
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Function of Muscle

• Contraction (shortening)
• Result is movement
• Smooth movement of blood, food, sperm
• Cardiac movement of blood
• Skeletal movement of skeleton
• 2. Heat generation ATP breaks down to give off
  energy in form of work and heat

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4 Tissue Types

1. Epithelium
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

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4. Nervous

• Composition
• Neurons nerve cells
• Neuroglia support cells for the neurons
• Function
• Generate and conduct electrical impulses to other
  cells activation of functions of organs

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Neuron
A cell that communicates with many other cells