[e-mail]

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Salvatore Vassallosalvatore_vassallo_at_tin.it
University of Pavia
Navigating through archives, libraries and
museums topic maps as a harmonizing instrument
TMRA 05 Leipzig, 6-7 October 2005
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3 topic maps based projects

• Topic maps variant forms of names

• Topic maps archives

• Topic maps cultural heritage

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Variant forms of names

• Use users research to determine the variant
  forms
• Minimum rate to become a variant form
• The variant form will be included in topic
  definition
• Possibility to browse the right and wrong forms

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Variant forms of names calculate minimum rate
Minimum Rate
Questionnaire Number
Parameters 2 gt K lt 3 to refine search
Empirical formula to define mininum rate the
main idea is to found an equation that decrease
lowly when the number of questionnaire increases.
For i.e. if with 100 questionnaire we need 15-16
as minimum rate to become variant form, with
10000 2,5 (250 searches) could be enough.
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Example Shakespeare (I)

• Minimum rate 8

Results Shakespeare 82 Shakespear 13 Others
forms 5
include it in the topic definition or just link
to the correct form
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Example Shakespeare (II)

• lttopic id"shakespeare"gt
• ltbaseNamegt
• ltbaseNameStringgtShakespearelt/baseNameStringgt
• ltvariantgt
• ltparametersgtlttopicRef xlinkhref"apocope"/gtlt/
  parametersgt
• ltvariantNamegtltresourceDatagtShakespearlt/resource
  Datagtlt/variantNamegt
• lt/variantgt
• lt/baseNamegt
• lt/topicgt
• lttopic id"apocope"gt
• ltbaseNamegt
• ltbaseNameStringgtApocopelt/baseNameStringgt
• lt/baseNamegt
• ltoccurrencegt
• ltinstanceOfgt
• lttopicRef xlinkhref"web"/gt
• lt/instanceOfgt
• ltresourceRef xlinkhref"http//en.wikipedia.org
  /wiki/Apocope"/gt

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Example Shakespeare (III)
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Example Shakespeare (IV)

• lttopic id"shakespeare"gt
• ltbaseNamegt
• ltbaseNameStringgtShakespearelt/baseNameStringgt
• lt/baseNamegt
• lt/topicgt
• lttopic id"shakespear"gt
• ltbaseNamegt
• ltbaseNameStringgtShakespearlt/baseNameStringgt
• lt/baseNamegt
• lt/topicgt
• ltassociationgt
• ltinstanceOfgt
• lttopicRef xlinkhref"variant"/gt
• lt/instanceOfgt
• ltscopegt
• lttopicRef xlinkhref"apocope"gtlt/topicRefgt
• lt/scopegt
• ltmembergt
• ltroleSpecgtlttopicRef xlinkhref"right"/gtlt/roleS
  pecgt

We could use also a reification
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Example Shakespeare (V)
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• lttopic id"bocca"gt
• ltbaseNamegt
• ltbaseNameStringgtBoccalt/baseNameStringgt
• ltvariantgt
• ltparametersgtlttopicRef xlinkhref"betacism"/gtlt
  /parametersgt
• ltvariantNamegt
• ltresourceDatagtVoccalt/resourceDatagt
• lt/variantNamegt
• lt/variantgt
• lt/baseNamegt
• lt/topicgt
• lttopic id"betacism"gt
• ltbaseNamegt
• ltbaseNameStringgtBetacismlt/baseNameStringgt
• lt/baseNamegt
• ltoccurrencegt
• ltinstanceOfgt
• lttopicRef xlinkhref"web"/gt

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TM Variant forms conclusion

• Features
• Use users researches to define variant forms of
  names
• Manage variant forms with topic maps
• Enable browsing the correct and the wrong forms
• Incorporate in existing software

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Managing related terms in a cultural system

• Interoperability
• A standard to include other standards
• Problem standards do not satisfy the
  requirements of all parties
• Solution specific standards at a lower level
  with relations expressed in a topic map at a
  higher level topic maps as a tool for
  harmonization

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Topic maps as a harmonizing instrument

• The entity level
• recognize different forms, that would be
  described differently under one single ontology

The structure level manage different models
The semantic level Taxonomies, access point
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Entity level

• Example
• Manage as a single ontology

Liliana Grassi as creator
Liliana Grassi as author
With a description for each different aspect
occurences
scopes
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Navigate through an archive
Information systems
Guides, finding aids

• Fonds description

OPAC
Bibliography
Loan service, document delivery
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Topic Maps and FRBR(Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records)
TOPIC
WORK
OCCURRENCE
EXPRESSION
MANIFESTATION
Case of the model described above
manifestations are occurrences linked with an
OPAC
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Topic Maps and FRBR
TOPIC
WORK
OCCURRENCE
EXPRESSION
MANIFESTATION
ITEM
Case of a library items are occurrences linked
with loan service software
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MARC or MODS
MARC or MADS
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EAD O EAG
TEI DALF
EAC O EAG
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Thanks to

• Paul Gabriele Weston, Fabio Ciotti, Paola
  Ciandrini, Flavia Giudice, Laura Bernini,
  Federica Biava, Ester Bucchi de Giuli, Marina
  Chiogna, Elettra de Lorenzo, Elena Giavari, Linda
  Giuzzi, Chiara Papalia, Roberta Pastorino

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Salvatore Vassallosalvatore.vassallo_at_chela.itsa
lvatore_vassallo_at_tin.itCultural Heritage
E-Libraries and Archives www.chela.it
University of Pavia
Thank you for your attention Questions?
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References

• DALF Digital Archives of Letter in Flanders -
  http//www.kantl.be/ctb/project/dalf/
• Dublin Core - http//dublincore.org/
• EAC Encoded Archival Context - http//www.iath.vir
  ginia.edu/eac/
• EAD Encoded Archival Description -
  http//www.loc.gov/ead/
• EAG Encoded Archival Guide - http//aer.mcu.es/sga
  e/jsp/censo_guia/seg_nivel/set_presenta.html
• FRAR Functional Requirements for Authority
  Records. 2005. http//www.ifla.org/VII/d4/FRANAR-C
  onceptual-M-Draft-e.pdf
• FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
  Record. 1998. http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frb
  r.pdf
• ISAAR (CPF) International Standard Archival
  Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons
  and Families. 2004. http//www.icacds.org.uk/eng/i
  saar2ndedn-e_3_1.pdf
• ISAD (G) General International Standard Archival
  Description. 2000. http//www.icacds.org.uk/eng/IS
  AD(G).pdf
• MARC MAchine Readeable Record -
  http//www.loc.gov/marc
• MADS Metadata Authority Description Schema -
  http//www.loc.gov/standards/mads/
• Minerva Working Group 5 Handbook for quality in
  cultural web sites improving quality for
  citizens. 2003. http//www.minervaeurope.org/publi
  cations/qualitycriteria1_2draft/qualitypdf1103.pdf
  
• MODS Metadata Object Description Schema -
  http//www.loc.gov/standards/mods/
• TEI Text Encoded Initiative - http//www.tei-c.org
  /