Spelling Rules

1
Spelling Rules
PinYin
2
i

• when without an initial
• i ? y
• ia ? ya
• iong? yong

3
but

• i ? yi
• in?yin
• ing?ying
• iu?you

4
u

• when without an initial
• u ? w
• ua ?wa
• uo ? wo

5
but

• u ? wu
• ui ? wei
• un ? wen

6
ü

• when without an initial
• ü ? yu
• üe ? yue
• ün ? yun

7
ü

• after j, q, x
• j ü ? ju
• q ü ? qu
• x ü ? xu

8
but

• nu vs nu
• lu vs lu

9
Summary

• i ? y, ia ? ya, iong ? yong
• i ? yi, in ? yin, ing ? ying
• iu ? you
• u ? wu, ua ? wa, uo ? wo
• ui?wei
• un?wen
• ü ? yu, üe ? yue, ün ? yun
• j ü ? ju, q ü ? qu, x ü ? xu

10
but

• after b, p, m, f
• buo ? bo
• puo ? po
• muo ? mo
• fuo ? fo

11
Tone of ? (bu)

• ?(1)(2)(3)? bù
• ?(4)? bú

12
Connecting vowels

• When separate two syllables with connecting
  vowels, an apostrophe is added.
• Shíèr ? Shíèr
• Xian ? Xian
• nuér ? nuér