Nitrogen

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Nitrogen Phosphorus Issues

• Swine Production
• February 24, 2005

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WHY CARE????
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Terms

• Groundwater water stored beneath the earths
  surface
• Surface water lakes, streams, above ground body
  of water
• Aquifer a body of rock or unconsolidated
  geologic material capable of yielding groundwater
  to a well in sufficient amounts

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Terms

• Leaching the movement with percolating water of
  dissolved materials such as manure through the
  soil profile
• Runoff Movement of water, with or without
  dissolved materials like manure, across the soil
  surface

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Terms

• Point Source Pollution
• A single, identifiable source
• Pipe from an industrial plant
• Non-Point Source Pollution
• Not a single source
• Takes place over a broad area
• Agriculture

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Non-Point Source Pollution
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Nitrogen

• Is water-soluble
• Leaches through soil to groundwater aquifers
• Groundwater quality issue
• Health issue Blue Babies
• Controlling factor is rate of application rain

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Phosphorus

• Not water soluble
• Is carried over soil with rain runoff
• Surface water quality issue
• Algae blooms, Dead Zone
• Not a health issue
• Controlling rate is erosion, runoff

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CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

• Animals have been, are, or will be stabled or
  confined and fed or maintained for a total of 45
  days or more in any 12-month period, and
• Crops, vegetation, forage growth, or post-harvest
  residues are not sustained in the normal growing
  season over any portion of the lot or facility
• CAFO 1000 hd or gt CAFO, or so designated

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What is an Animal Unit?
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What is a NEW CAFO?
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Who Must Get a General Permit?

• In SD and most states, 1000 AU or large CAFOs
  must get a permit
• Previously based on N output
• New EPA CAFO regs based on P output
• Leaving to individual states to set levels
• Feds can will fine or shut-down

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Calculating Manure Management Plan Based off of
Nitrogen

• Basically, want to add only the amount of N that
  the plants will take up
• First, determine how much N the plant will need
• Yield goal (guess) N req/unit
• 100 bu/acre corn 1.2 lbs N/bu 120 lbs N/acre
• How much N is currently available?
• 0-2 soil test - Legume credits
• Commercial fertilizer
• Plant need N available N from manure

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Calculating Manure Management Plan Based off of
Nitrogen

• Manure has both organic inorganic N
• Organic ammonia immediately available
• Inorganic has to be broken down over time
  before becomes available to the plant
• Inorganic breaks down over a period of 3 years
  so always adding available N to the soil
• Available N from manure all of organic N an
  annual of inorganic N

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Calculating Manure Management Plan Based off of
Nitrogen

• You know how much N the plant needs how much
  available N is in the manure
• Divide N requirement / Available N in manure to
  get the application rate (gallons/acre)
• Application rate of acres will give you the
  amount of manure you can legally inject

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Different Plans

• 3-Year Manure Management Plan
• Do to get your permit
• Guess on yields which crops have
• Public Record
• Only do once
• Annual Plan
• Must do once you are in production
• Must use actual values
• Must keep records 5-7 yrs
• Not Public Record

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