CO2 from capture to storage

1


Institut Français du Pétrole

• CO2 from capture to storage
• Gérard FRIES
• Executive Vice-President

2
Evolution of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
PPM
Source IPCC
3
Scenarios of Carbon Emission Evolution
Source IPCC
4
Repartition of CO2 emissions
Tertiary
Agriculture
4
2
Residential
Power production
10
39
Transport
23
Other Industries
22
Source ENERDATA
5
Solutions

• Improving energy efficiency
• Switch from low to high hydrogen content fossil
  fuels (from coal to natural gas)
• Substitution of fossil fuels by renewables and/or
  nuclear energy
• Capture, transport and storage of CO2

6
CO2 capture from industrial plants
Post-combustion capture
Flue gases
N2/H2O
Fuel
CO2
Combustion
Extraction
Air
CO2

• Existing plants
• Large volume of gases with diluted CO2

7
CO2 capture from industrial plants
Oxyfuel combustion

• New plants
• Lower volume of gases with concentrated CO2

8
CO2 capture from industrial plants
Pre-combustion capture
Steam reforming
Fuel
H2
N2/H2O
CO2
Shift
ATR
Combustion
Extraction
reactor
Air
POx
02/H20
CO2
ATR autothermal reforming POx partial
oxidation

• New plants
• The way to hydrogen

9
Hydrogen and power generation with CO2 capture
and storage


10
Transport of CO2
USA several thousand of km of pipes delivering
CO2 to EOR (Enhance Oil Recovery) operations
? no specific regulation ? transport under
supercritical phase ? risks of corrosion
11
CO2 geological storage
12
CO2 geological storage

• Hydrocarbon reservoirs (oil and gas)
• ? proven to be tight (to non reactive gas)
• ? geological traps
• ? well-known objects
• ? possible benefit through Enhanced Oil and Gas
  Recovery (EOR / EGR)
• Saline Aquifers
• ? huge porous volume the biggest place for
  storage
• ? no drinkable water
• ? largely distributed
• ? generally poorly investigated
• Coals seams
• ? strong adsorption of CO2
• ? possible benefit through E Coal Bed Methane
  (ECBM)
• ? low permeability and porous volume

13
Geological storage technical challenges
Monitoring
Numerical modelling regional scale, long
time (1000 years) reservoir scale, short time
(20-40 years)
14
An example of industrial operation Sleipner
15
An example of industrial operation Sleipner
16
Main opportunities
IEA-GHG
17
Some future initiatives for CO2 capture
storage in Europe mediterranean basin
CASTOR EU project - Spain offshore oil
reservoir (Casablanca) - Norway offshore aquifer
(Snohvit) - Austria offshore gas field
(Lindach) - Netherlands gas fields CO2SINK EU
project - Germany onshore aquifer
(Berlin) IN-SALAH (Algeria)
RECOPOL EU project - Poland coal seams
(Katowice) Possible new project - Tarnow EOR




18
Capture sorage of CO2 economic issues
Flue gases
Separation
transport
Compression
0.7 - 4 /t per 100 km
Cost reduction
30 - 50 /t
8 - 10 /t
Injection
20 /t ?
2 - 8 /t
Geological storage
Total 40 /t to 70 /t CO2
Evaluation of capacity
19
CO2 capture storage the future
The targets

• Cost reduction
• Optimisation of storage capacity
• Security of the storage
• Acceptance of the concept

RD efforts

• Improve the knowledge on physical and chemical
  processes for CO2 storage
• Real-site validation / demonstration
• Development of new cost effective separation
  techniques

20
Future prospects and opportunities

• Eliminate gas flaring
• Produce hydrogen, power and clean fuels
• without CO2 emissions
• Use CO2 for EOR applications specially the North
  Sea
• Benefits from emissions credits for CO2
  reinjection