COSMOSkyMed A Dual System Architecture providing Interoperability, Expandability, and Multisensor IE

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COSMO-SkyMed A Dual System Architecture
providingInteroperability, Expandability, and
Multi-sensor (IEM) capabilities
SPACEOPS - 2006
G. F. De Luca
ASI (Italian Space Agency)
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Presentation Contents

• COSMO-SkyMed system overview and top-level
  operational philosophy
• Interoperability, Expandability, Multi-Mission
  (IEM) features in COSMO-SkyMed Ground Segment
  architecture and operational principles
• COSMO-SkyMed IEM features and technologies in
  Data catalogue and User Interfaces, from ordering
  to product delivering
• Conclusions

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COSMO-SkyMed

• COSMO-SkyMed is the largest Italian investment in
  Space Systems for Earth Observation (nearly 1
  Billion Euro) , commissioned and funded by
• the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and
• the Italian Ministry of Defense (MoD).
• The system, currently in production phase,
  consists of
• a constellation of four mid-sized satellites, in
  Low Earth Orbit, each carrying a multi-mode high
  resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
  instrument, and
• a dual Ground Segment aimed at providing services
  for resource management, environmental security
  (risk prevention, damage assessment), strategic
  surveillance to both Civilian and Defense use.

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The COSMO-SkyMed Programin the International
Framework

• The Italian Space Agency (ASI) has decided to
  design and build-up COSMO-SkyMed as a
  cooperating, interoperable, expandible to other
  missions, and multimission-borne element
  providing Earth Observation integrated services
  to large User Communities on a worldwide scale.
• International Cooperations were set up by ASI and
  MoD with International Partners to form
  Multi-Mission EO Satellite Systems aimed at
  providing both (multi-band) radar and optical
  imaging products to a variety of Users (e.g.
  Defense, civilian institutional, Scientific and
  Commercial users), with different size, accuracy,
  and resolution according to needs. E.g.
• French (with Pleiades Optical System) for the
  dual system (Civilian and Military) named ORFEO
  (Optical and Radar Federated Earth Observation),
  and
• Argentinean (With SAOCOM L-band SAR system), for
  the multimission/ multiproduct system named
  SIASGE (Civilian only).

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COSMO-SkyMed
An integrated spaceborne Earth Observation
System for Civil Institutional,
Defence/Intelligence and Commercial Applications
engaging state-of-art SAR technologies and
overall system engineering solutions, under
economic, schedule, multimission and political
constraints
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COSMO-SkyMed constellation launch and deployment
schedule
..
2005
2006
2008
2007
2009
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Dual Use Needs

• DEFENSE
• Surveillance, Intelligence, Operations assessment
  
• Request Priorities Management
• Confidentiality and Integrity
• Protected System

• CIVILIAN
• Several Disciplines
• Agriculture, Forest, Geology, Environment,
  Cartography, Risk Management
• Open and Accessible System

DUAL SYSTEM
COMMON

• Wide information collection (Database)

• Flexibility
• Multi-mode operation (variety of sizes and
  resolutions)
• Agility (reconfiguration and multiple
  acquisitions on a theater)

• High Reactivity
• Response / Revisit Time

• Availability Sustainability of Services

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COSMO-SkyMed Operational Principle Dual Use
Scenario
Defence Users
Italian Institutional Users(including Science
Users, i.e. Universities)
Users
Civilian Users
Commercial Users

• COSMO-SkyMed Ground Segment is designed for a
  Dual Use which designates classes of Civilian and
  Defense users, national and international, each
  characterised by a specific priority.
• As a consequence, COSMO-SkyMed GS guarantees
  secure operations for civilian and Defense
  users in an international environment.

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Geographical Distribution of GS facilities

• COSMO SkyMed Ground Segment is geographically
  distributed world wide
• The GS facilities consist of both fixed centres
  and mobile terminals (C-MAPS and D-MAPS) for
  civilian and defence utilisation,
• a world-wide network of GPS receivers improve
  performance requirements on product geo-location
  accuracy (20 stations around the world)
• External stations (both X-band and S-Band for
  TTC) improve throughput and response time

( Stations in Kiruna, Cordoba)
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COSMO-SkyMed dual-use architecture

• The COSMO-SkyMed is a highly versatile and
  scalable system architecture for dual-use, which
  simultaneously fulfils different needs of
  Civilian and Defence Users, national and
  international, in terms of
• Typologies of imagery data products (es. diffrent
  size, resolution, geolocation accuracy)
• Appplicative Services for the usage and
  exploitation of the sensing data
• Response time
• Security adequate to different needs (e.g. at
  Defence standard level)

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COSMO-SkyMed Key architectural elements

• Spacecraft constellation
• Multi-mode SAR instrument
• Dual-Use Ground Segment architecture

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The Spacecraft Constellation
simultaneously supports satellites in different
phase (deployment / commissioning / routine ),
status, and operational mode
ZECI
COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR Spacecraft
Constellation orbital plane
Equatorial Plane
Sun
YECI
XECI
Line of nodes
Apses line
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The Multi-mode SAR Instrument
wide variety and high volume of data images with
different size, resolution, elaboration level,
and geo-localization accuracy suitable for
different application needs (e.g. Defence,
Civilian)
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The Dual Ground Segment
turns system performances into service
applications simultaneously provided to different
typologies of Users (e.g. Civilian, Defence,
national, international)

• Duplication of GS elements which provide
  similar capabilities to Civilian and Defense
  Users
• Architectural symmetry between Defense and
  civilian centres (domains)
• Dual Centres, in which data and information from
  Civilian and Defense elements are merged and
  treated together
• Different Interconnections in the two domains
• Diversified schema for Users Request priority
  (routine, privileged, priority)
• Security features adequate to the sensitivity
  level of the two domains

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Different Operative Modes and System Response
Time
Support mission scenarios according to actual
Users needs, in different system operative mode,
each characterised by a (max.) response time

• Routine mode it is the nominal mode, all users
  are served according to their pre-defined
  quotasEnd-to-End (E2E) Response Time 72 h
• Crisis mode the system resources are devoted to
  the accomplishment of the requests relevant to a
  crisis area E2E Response Time 36 h
• Very-Urgent mode the system resources are
  devoted to the accomplishment of a specific
  requestE2E Response Time 18 h

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COSMO as a Precursor System for GMES
The highly versatile COSMO-SkyMed architecture
makes it eligible for Multi-Mission /
Multi-Sensor (MM/MS) applications in a
cooperation framework with Partners EO systems

• COSMO-SkyMed is conceived as a dual-use system
  of systems capable to EXPAND to other
  observation missions / sensors the following
  capabilities
• MM/MS Users Requests Handling (deposit,
  feasibility analysis, ..)
• MM/MS Request Pre-Planning (conflict resolution,
  ranking, priority, conditional constraints )
• Outside sensors data acquisition, processing,
  archiving, cataloguing
• MM/MS User data Services

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The IEM principles in COSMO-SkyMed

• Interoperability capability of exchanging data
  and information with external heterogeneous
  systems according to pre-defined agreed
  modalities and standards, and irrespective of
  internal design of the cooperating parts.
• Expandability capability to expand COSMO
  Capabilities to new Sensors/Systems by embedding
  into COSMO-SkyMed architectural elements (called
  PFI Partner Furnished Items) from Partners
  systems (Foreign PFI) or exporting COSMOs PFI
  to be integrated into the partners system.
• Expandability extends the concept of
  Scalability through which COSMO-SkyMed fulfils
  new needs, adding copies of blocks already part
  of the system, and configuring it properly (e.g.
  adding other archiving or processing units).
  COSMO-SkyMed is also capable to grow adding up to
  5 more International Defense Partners, and up to
  more 5 Civilian Partners, by adding new entire
  UGS.
• Multi-sensoriality ability to request, process,
  and manage different observation sensors data and
  mission data. Such a feature finds its
  architectural and procedural foundation on the
  Interoperability and Expandability

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IEM implementation in COSMO-SkyMed design (1 /2)
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IEM implementation in COSMO-SkyMed design (2 /2)

• The IEM is differently implemented in the Defense
  and Civilian domains, through GS configurations
  which provide the most appropriate mix of IEM
  features
• Civilian Domain privileges geographically
  distributed architectural solutions, in which the
  mission-specific capabilities reside on
  proprietary EO Systems, interoperable and
  federated such to provide integrated system
  services to the largest User community worldwide.
  
• This service-bound design solution privileges
  distributed architecture elements interacting
  through standard Interoperability mechanisms to
  access a Distributed Catalogue Systems, for
  Users access to services (product browsing,
  ordering) of Partners EO Systems.
• Defense Domain implements multi-mission and
  multi-sensor cooperation while fulfilling data
  confidentiality, integrity, and availability,
  which are indispensable conditions for Defense
  use.
• This architecture-bound design solution
  privileges locally available Partner Furnished
  Items (PFI) within a site / centre (e.g. Defense
  UGS) of COSMO GS

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COSMO SkyMed in a cooperation scenario with
Partners Systems
Partners TTC Ground Station
COSMO TTC Ground Station
COSMO Satellite Control Center CCS

• X-band Downlink

Partners Satellite Command and Control GS
Mission-specific GS elements

• X-band Downlink

COSMO Mission Planning Center CPCM
Partners Mission Planning Center
X-band downlink
X-band downlink
Receiving Ground Station
Multi-Mission Multi-Sensor GS elements
Partners Defense User GS
COSMO Defense User GS
Partners Civilian User GS
COSMO Civilian User GS
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COSMO SkyMed Scalability Growing capabilities
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COSMO-SkyMed / SAOCOM a multi-mission scenario
example
ZECI
SAOCOM L-band SAR Spacecraft Constellation
orbital plane
COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR Spacecraft
Constellation orbital plane
Equatorial Plane
Sun
YECI
XECI
Line of nodes
Apses line
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Multimission Scenario Ground Capabilities
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Monitoring and coordination capabilities
ASI/AD HIGH AUTHORITY
ASI/AD H/W, S/W, ILS, OPS ENGINEERING
ASI/AD UTILIZATION
ASI/AD OPERATION
INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT (OPERATIONS, ENGINEERING, ETC)
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Interoperability Language Concept
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Catalogue features for MM/MS Scenario

• Catalogue-based Interoperability provides the
  possibility of accessing the catalogue of
  Partners EO systems, searching for given
  products, ordering them, and receiving the
  queried products. Reciprocally, COSMO-SkyMed UGS
  allows the same type of access to Partners EO
  systems. This interoperability is implemented
  through gateways which
• import and maintain image data and descriptors
  from the Catalogues of the Partners systems
• allow the access to Partners data through a
  Interoperability Protocol developed according to
  CEOS guidelines
• manage the data importing and distribution to the
  Petitioners
• Distribution of Products with Standard Metadata
  The image products are generated and managed in
  standard formats. In COSMO-SkyMed
• Civilian context data are handled in HDF5 format
  with metadata according to CEOS guidelines
• Defense context data are formatted according to
  standard STANAG 4545 NATO Secondary Imagery
  Format.

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ExpandabilityPartner Furnished Items (PFI)

• Partners EO systems can interface COSMO-SkyMed
• as a external User
• or
• through PFI with additional functionality
• In the context of interoperability domain a
  Partners EO system can interface UGS which is
  predisposed to include new components referred as
  PFI (Partner Furnished Items) in order to allow
  interaction with different satellite
  constellations
• To allow bidirectional interoperability two
  different approach can be implemented
• COSMO-SkyMed UGS can host a Partners EO
  (foreign) PFI (F-PFI)
• a Partners EO system can integrate a
  COSMO-SkyMed PFI (I-PFI)

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UGS architecture supporting IEM
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COSMO-SkyMed PFI Suite (1/2)
PFI (ACQ)
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COSMO-SkyMed PFI Suite (2/2)
Acquisition Base Band - acquisition station
compatible with the space-to-ground interface of
the mission to be supported and that the station
is characterized by a suitable flexibility at IF
matrix level. Complete Acquisition Station -
complete Acquisition Station, from the antenna to
the baseband. Such a scenario ic conceivable when
an existing station is booked up with other
mission and no time left is available to support
the additional mission Request (Pre-)Feasibility
Analysis tool - This PFI assumes the provisioning
of a component that replicates, up to a certain
level, the planning database. Such a tool, upon a
Programming Request expressed on a given target
site and in a time validity window, support the
Operator in performing the requests feasibility
analysis Production Chain - This PFI assumes the
provisioning of a complete production chain. This
means the provisioning of the Data Processors, as
well as the workflow supporting the processing
activity Data Processor - This PFI foresees the
provisioning of a single processor that needs to
be suitably incapsulated in order to dialog with
a production manager that has to interface the
processor itself Mini-UGS - This PFI foresees
the provisioning of a mini-UGS to the Foreign
Partner. This solution might be interesting for a
commercial partner or distributor that intends to
receive a turn-key UGS at his premises to exploit
the COSMO-SkyMed mission data. As a matter of
fact, the Mini-UGS could also be used by the
Foreign Partner to include other missions by
exploiting the IEM features of COSMO-SkyMed.
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Conclusions

• COSMO-SkyMed constitutes a primary example of EO
  Dual system expandable to and interoperating
  with Partners EO systems capable to provide
  multi-mission and multi-sensor integrated
  services to the largest number and variety of
  End-Users worldwide
• Its versatile schema configures COSMO-SkyMed as
  a precursor indicating key concepts and
  approaches for future integrated Geospatial
  Systems including several interoperable and
  cooperating spaceborne Earth Observation
  missions, and heterogeneous (e.g. non-space)
  systems as well.

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Questions?

• giuseppefrancesco.deluca_at_asi.it