Central Europe:

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Central Europe The Rise of Austria and Prussia
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This body which called itself and still calls
itself the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy,
nor Roman, nor an Empire. Voltaire (1769)
Holy Roman Empire?
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Hapsburg map
Austrian Hapsburgs
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Hapsburg family tree
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Leopold I
Leopold I
(r. 1657-1705)

• Austria
• Catholic
• Rural
• Unequal!

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Prince Eugene
Prince Eugene of Savoy
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Ottoman siege
Ottoman Siege of Vienna
(1683)
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John Sobieski
Poland's King John Sobieski
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Charles VI
Charles VI
(r. 1711-1740)
The Pragmatic Sanction
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Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa
(r. 1740-1780)
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Joseph II
Joseph II
(r. 1780-1790)
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Enlightened Despotism
Enlightened Despotism
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Josephs Reforms
Joseph's Reforms

• Religious tolerance
• Nationalization of the Church
• Elimination of internal tariffs
• Road-building campaigns
• Abolished the robot (1789)

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Prussia's Hohenzollerns
Analyze the military, political, and social
factors that account for the rise of Prussia in
the late 16-early 17C.
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Frederick William the Great Elector
Frederick William, the Great Elector
(r. 1640-1688)
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(No Transcript)
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It is certain that nowhere in the world one can
see troops comparable with the Prussians for
beauty, cleanliness, and order. Count von
Seckendorf
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Junkers
Junkers
Prussian landed nobility
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Junkers
German Peasants
Peasants are best treated like stockfish, that is
best when beaten well and soft, according to a
Prussian clergyman in 1684!
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The Elector's Words of Wisdom
We have never thought to arrogate to ourselves
the dominion over consciences.
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Frederick I
Frederick I
(r. 1688-1713)
King in Prussia
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Frederick William I
Frederick William I
(r. 1713-1740)
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Frederick William I
Frederick William I's Words of Wisdom
One must serve the King with life and limb, with
goods and chattels, with honor and conscience,
and surrender everything else except salvation.
The latter is reserved for God. But everything
else must be mine. It cannot be done with the
pen if it is not supported by the power of the
sword.
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Sergeant King
"The Sergeant King"

• Doubled the size of the Prussian army to 80,000
  in 1714
• 3rd-largest army in Europe
• Junkers officers

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"He abused him whenever he laid eyes on him, so
that Frederick became obsessed with a fear of him
which persisted even after he reached the age of
reason." written by Frederick the Greats
sister Wilhelmina, about the abuse he suffered at
the hands of his father
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Frederick the Great
Frederick the Great
(r. 1740-1786)
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(No Transcript)
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Fredericks Enlightened Policies
Frederick's Accomplishments

• Partition of Poland
• Conquest of Silesia
• Tax reform

• Legal reform
• Economic protection
• Religious tolerance

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Fredericks Enlightened Policies
Frederick's Words of Wisdom
The acquisitions which one makes by the pen are
always preferable to those made by the sword.
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Growth of Prussia map
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Compare and contrast the varying success with
which the Hohenzollerns and Habsburgs each
handled their problems.  Which family was more
successful, and why? 
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Compare the ways and methods by which the
political rulers of France, Prussia, and Russia
developed absolute states in the 17C.
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Why were Sweden, the Ottoman Empire, and Poland
less successful?
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