Windows Internet Name Service

1
Chapter 5

• Windows Internet Name Service

2
Learning Objectives

• Provide an overview of NETBIOS naming and NetBIOS
  name resolution
• Describe the features of the Windows Internet
  Name Service (WINS)
• Explain in detail the new features in the Windows
  2000 implementation of WINS
• Install WINS

continued
3
Learning Objectives

• Configure replication between WINS servers
• Configure a client to use WINS
• Manage, monitor, and troubleshoot WINS

4
NetBIOS Naming

• NetBIOS
• Session-level API developed to provide high-level
  applications with easy access to lower-level
  networking protocols
• Uses a flat namespace
• Names can only be used once per machine on a
  network
• NetBIOS scope can overcome this limitation
• NetBT
• NetBIOS using TCP/IP as its lower-level
  networking protocol stack
• Common abbreviation for NetBIOS over TCP/IP

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Unique and GroupNetBIOS Names

• Unique NetBIOS names
• 16 bytes long
• Identify both the computer name and certain
  services running on a computer
• Example win2kdc01
• Group NetBIOS names
• Identify multiple computers
• Example Domain controllers in a domain

6
Common Unique andGroup NetBIOS Name Types
7
NetBIOS Naming

• Issue the nbtstat n command after the command
  prompt to view a list of all the services and
  their corresponding NetBIOS names

8
NetBIOS Name Resolution
9
How Node Types Determine Name Resolution Methods
10
NetBIOS Name Resolution

• Easiest way to set the node type for a client is
  to assign it as a DHCP scope option
• Set the 044 option to the IP addresses of WINS
  servers you want clients to use
• Set the 046 or node type to 0x8, the value for
  h-node

11
NetBIOS Name Resolution

• Use h-node on your network to ensure that clients
  first attempt to use directed communi-cation with
  the WINS server and only use broadcast as a
  secondary methods for name resolution

12
NetBIOS Name Resolution

• By default, all Windows 2000 clients are
  configured to use the Lmhosts file if it is
  present and no other NetBIOS name resolution
  method can provide resolution

13
NetBIOS Name Resolution
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Lmhosts Extensions
15
Lmhosts Files

• Main drawback administrative overhead
  associated with maintaining Lmhosts files
• As static databases, they require changes
  whenever new computers are added to the network
  or when IP addresses change
• To meet the need for a better method of
  alleviating some of this administration,
  Microsoft created the Windows Internet Name
  Service

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Windows Internet Name Service

• Allows clients to register their NetBIOS name to
  IP address mappings in a dynamic database hosted
  on a WINS server
• Provides a dynamic method to register NetBIOS
  names to IP addresses
• Allows clients to use directed communica-tions to
  a WINS server instead of broadcasts

17
Tasks a Client Can Access WINS Servers to Perform

• NetBIOS name registration
• NetBIOS name renewal
• NetBIOS name release
• NetBIOS name query

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NetBIOS Name Registration

• Sent by WINS clients to WINS servers to ask for
  registration of a particular NetBIOS name with an
  IP address

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NetBIOS Name Renewal

• Sent by WINS clients to request that the WINS
  server extend the NetBIOS name to IP address
  mapping
• Normally occurs halfway through the TTL

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NetBIOS Name Release

• Sent by WINS clients to direct the WINS server to
  terminate the dynamic mapping of a NetBIOS name
  to an IP address

21
NetBIOS Name Query

• Used by WINS clients to query WINS servers for
  information about a particular NetBIOS name
• Used to find NetBIOS name to IP address mappings

22
Name Query Response

• Response sent from a WINS server to the WINS
  client, either informing the client of the
  NetBIOS name to IP address resolution or of
  failure to achieve a resolution

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Name Query and Name Query Response
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WINS in Windows 2000

• Most new features are attempts to make management
  and use of the WINS server easier
• Other features decrease the time used for WINS
  replication (process of replicating WINS
  databases between multiple WINS servers)
• Major new features
• Automatic Replication Partners
• Persistent connections
• Manual tombstoning

25
Automatic Replication Partners
26
Installing WINS

• Pre-installation requirements
• Configure server with a static IP address, subnet
  mask, and default gateway
• Configure WINS settings in the Internet Protocol
  Properties (TCP/IP) to point to servers own IP
  address
• Determine how many WINS servers the network needs
• Two minimum one as primary and another as
  backup
• Primary and back-up servers should be able to
  support a network of 10,000 clients

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Installing WINS

• Open the Network and Dial-up Connections dialog
  box

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Installing WINS
29
Installing WINS

• Open the Windows Optional Networking Components
  Wizard and Networking Services dialog boxes

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Installing WINS
31
Installing WINS

• Click WINS and click OK to install the WINS
  server and make it available under Administrative
  Tools

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Installing WINS
33
Installing WINSActive Registrations
34
Installing WINSActive Registrations
35
Configuring WINS Server

• Use default configuration clients automatically
  register NetBIOS names and IP addresses with the
  WINS server
• To provide a WINS entry for a non-WINS client
  such as a UNIX box, add a static entry to the
  WINS database

36
Configuring WINS Replication

• Required in a network with more than one WINS
  server, otherwise clients on the network may not
  be able to resolve certain NetBIOS names
• All WINS servers should be configured to perform
  replication with one another

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WINS Replication
38
Configuring WINS Replication

• Replication partners can be set up automatically
  via multicast
• In most cases, you need to configure replication
  manually to ensure that it meets the needs of the
  network
• Types of WINS replication
• Pull
• Push

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Pull and Push Replication

• Pull replication
• Occurs at a preset time interval
• Used with slow WAN links
• Push replication
• Occurs after a predetermined number of changes to
  the database occur
• Used with fast connections between replication
  partners
• Most WINS servers are configured as both push and
  pull replication partners to ensure that the
  databases for each server remain constant

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Configuring WINS Replication

• Open the WINS console and right-click the
  Replication Partners folder

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Configuring WINS Replication

• Type the IP address of the WINS server that you
  wish to configure as a replication partner and
  click OK to continue
• Repeat on both servers that you wish to set up as
  replication partners

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Configuring WINS Replication
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Configuring Advanced Properties for WINS
Replication

• Set replication parameters
• Interval for pull replication
• Number of updates before push replication is
  triggered
• Set persistent connection settings

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Configuring Clients for WINS

• Easiest way
• Set the DHCP 044 and 046 scope options mentioned
  earlier in NetBIOS Name Resolution
• Guarantees that all DHCP-enabled clients receive
  the IP address of WINS servers on your network
  and the correct node type for NetBIOS name
  resolution

45
Configuring Clients for WINS

• On clients with static IP addresses, configure
  WINS setting in the Advanced properties, WINS tab
  of the Advanced (TCP/IP) settings dialog box
• Configure primary and secondary WINS server
• Enable/disable use of Lmhosts file
• Enable/disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP

46
Configuring Clients for WINS

• For all static clients, you must access the WINS
  tab and manually type WINS server information

47
Managing, Monitoring, and Troubleshooting WINS

• Most troubleshooting stems from incorrectly set
  WINS entries on the client or incorrect DHCP
  scope options on the DHCP servers
• Use Event Viewer to discover WINS errors
• Use WINS console most important WINS
  management, configuration, and troubleshooting
  tool for further information about WINS server
  service (eg, Back Up Database)
• May need to compact the WINS database

48
WINS Server Statistics Window
49
Server Properties Dialog Box
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Chapter Summary

• NetBIOS naming
• Windows Internet name service
• WINS in Windows 2000
• Installing WINS
• Configuring WINS replication
• Configuring clients for WINS
• Managing, monitoring, and troubleshooting WINS