PERCEPTION

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PERCEPTION

• 1. Atomism vs holism
• dynamics of perception
• 2. Sensation/perception
• 3. Constructivism vs direct perception

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Atomism vs Holism

• Atomism first studies of perception (Wundt,
  Titchener). Goal identification of elements of
  perception.
• Gestalt from 1910 Wertheimers studies on
  perception of apparent movement - the phi
  phenomenon

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PHI / BETA DEMO Zygmunt Pizlo, developed by
Filip J. Pizlo http//www.psych.purdue.edu/Magniph
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• Rotating Snakes Illusion by A. Kitaoka, 2003

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• How to explain this by elementary visual
  experiences?
• A perceived pattern (figure) is more than the sum
  total of all sensations
• Perception is governed by laws of spontaneous
  organization

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• iTiShArDtOrEaDtHiSsEnTeNcE
• Letters are not SIMILAR it is difficult to
  connect them into words
• Elements of the sentence are not separated the
  PROXIMITY principle is violated

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• Figure/ground perception reaching a stable
  percept a stable state of a system (equilibrium)

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Histeresis effect
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Dynamics of perception

• Perception (a good figure), once achieved, is a
  stable state
• A cognitive system clings to the previously
  achieved interpretation...

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Dynamics of perception

• Perception (a good figure), once achieved, is a
  stable state
• A cognitive system clings to the previously
  achieved interpretation...
• ...but not forever

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• SENSATION initial detection of energy from the
  physical world
• PERCEPTION interpretation of the sensory
  information (higher-order cognition, memory)
• Assumption we sense more than we perceive
  sensory buffer of reality

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Sensory Register (Sensory Buffer) (iconic/echoic
memory)

• How much information can be gathered in a
  glance?
• Short exposition (50ms)

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F G R C H K S L P B M Q
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F G R C H K S L P B M Q
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• 4-5 visual elements
• We can report 4-5, but maybe we can see more?
• Partial report technique (Sperling60)
• Rows of letters 50ms
• After a short delay (0-1000ms) - Visual or
  auditory cue indicating a row

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D K P O G N X L R B Z Q
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D K P O G N X L R B Z Q
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• Recall in Sperlings procedure 9-12 elements
• How long does the information last in the buffer?

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P F N C K R T B L S M G
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• The later the cue appeared the worse the recall
• A sudden drop around 300 ms

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F G R C H K S L P B M Q