Reproductive System

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Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive System

• Primary sex organ is the testis - mixed
  endocrine-exocrine gland.
• Outer layer is an extension of peritoneum
  Tunica Vaginalis.
• Testis is invested in areolar CT capsule Tunica
  Albuginea.
• Albuginea divides organ into compartments, 250
  per organ 1-4 Seminiferous Tubules/ compartment.
  Each tubule 50 cm long

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Testis

• Seminiferous Tubules have stratified cuboidal
  epith. Spermatogonia cells
• Simple columnar epith. Sertoli cells and a
  basement membrane of areolar CT with some smooth
  muscle.
• Sertoli cells are supportive and nutritive for
  spermatids and secrete Inhibin - male over-ride
  of FSH. 200,000,000/day
• Cells between seminiferous tubules Interstitial
  Cells (Leydig Cells) - cuboidal cells in delicate
  areolar CT that secrete testosterone

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Female Reproductive System

• Ovary is the primary sex organ attached to
  peritoneum (Mesovarium) of body wall and Broad
  Ligament of the uterus.
• Ovarian epithelium is continuous with mesothelium
  of peritoneum of simple cuboidal epithelium
  (follicle cells) with no basal laminae, and
  future oocytes Germinal Epithelium.

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Ovary

• Ovarian stroma (Tunica albuginea) is of dense
  modified areolar CT below the germinal epithelium
  (reverse position of stroma) unusually cellular
  with spindle shaped CT cells and areolar
  components.
• About 200,000 oogonia/ovary of which about
  200-250 mature to ovulation/ovary. The rest
  reach some stage of development and undergo
  atresia Corpora Atretica.

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Ovary

• At birth, many oogonia are invested by flattened
  follicle cells Primary Ovarian Follicle.
• At maturity, upon stimulation (FSH) follicle
  cells enlarge and divide forming a stratified
  cuboidal epithelial layer Membranosa Granulosa,
  with a hollow fluid filled cavity Antrum.
• The ovum is suspended in the center of the antrum
  on a hillock of granulosa cells Cumulus
  Oophorus.
• The developing ovum is surrounded by a layer of
  follicle cells (Corona Radiata stratified
  cuboidal epithelium) and these two bodies secrete
  an amorphous ring the Zona Pellucida around the
  ovum.

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