ECE 4436 Microprocessor Systems

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ECE 4436Microprocessor Systems

• Ms. Diana de la Rosa
• MW 700-830 PM

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Todays Agenda

• Introduction Hi! How are ya?
• Class Roster
• Letters from Dr. Barr
• Syllabus
• Quiz 0
• Review Quiz
• Computer Arithmetic Basics (handout)
• Basics of Architecture
• Assignment

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Quiz 0 - Diagnostic

• You have 5 minutes to finish
• Work on your own!
• Turn in when you are done
• Dont stress out
• Do the best you can

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Quiz Review

• Convert the decimal number 1010 to hexidecimal.
• Convert the decimal number 1310 to binary.

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Quiz Review

• Convert the binary number 101010102 to
  hexidecimal.
• Convert the hexidecimal number 0616 to binary.

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Quiz Review

• log2 16 ?
• log2 256 ?
• log2 8 ?

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Quiz Review

• 210 ?
• 25 ?
• 226 ?

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Quiz Review

• What is the 2s complement of 011010002?
• What is the binary result of 101101012
  110010112?

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Quiz Review

• A little about powers of 2

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Quiz Review

• A little about logarithms
• log2 2x x
• log x log y log (xy)
• log 1 0
• 2logx x
• 2x2y 2xy
• log2 2x2y log2 2xy xy

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Introduction to Computers

• Computer
• A device that transforms, copies, and stores
  data. Note since programs are data this
  includes executing programs
• Program executing machine

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Basic Computer Organization

• 4 Components
• CPU performs data transformations
• Memory stores data program
• I/O permanent storage, senses such as
  monitor, sensors, video, etc.
• Bus Set signal lines (wires) that share common
  connections.

CPU
Memory
Bus
I/O
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Basic Computer Operation

• Computers are sequential circuits, i.e. state
  machines.
• Simple state machine

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Definitions

• Microprocessor ?
• A microprocessor is a computer processor on a
  microchip. It's sometimes called a logic chip. It
  is the "engine" that goes into motion when you
  turn your computer on. A microprocessor is
  designed to perform arithmetic and logic
  operations that make use of small number-holding
  areas called registers. Typical microprocessor
  operations include adding, subtracting, comparing
  two numbers, and fetching numbers from one area
  to another. These operations are the result of a
  set of instructions that are part of the
  microprocessor design. When the computer is
  turned on, the microprocessor is designed to get
  the first instruction from the Basic Input/Output
  System (BIOS) that comes with the computer as
  part of its memory. After that, either the BIOS,
  or the operating system that the BIOS loads into
  computer memory, or an application program is
  "driving" the microprocessor, giving it
  instructions to perform. (reference whatis.com)

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Definitions

• Processor
• A processor is the logic circuitry that responds
  to and processes the basic instructions that
  drive a computer.
• Note to do anything useful, ?P needs support
  chips (memory, I/O interfaces, etc.)

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Related Devices

• Digital Signal Processor ?
• CPU has special instructions, other support for
  fast execution of signal processing algorithms
• I/O support on chip
• Used in modems, cell phones, etc.
• There is overlap btwn ?P s, ?controllers, DSPs

• Microcontroller ? CPU
• I/O support (e.g. parallel and serial ports)
• Memory
• Designed for low cost embedded systems.
• Embedded system ? a system containing a computer
  whose main function is not computing.

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A little computer Architecture- ?P Design
Parameters

• Clock Speed
• Instruction Set
• Parallelism
• Pipelining
• Superscalar
• Hardware Support
• On-chip cache
• I/O interfaces

• Word Width (internal data paths)
• Address Space (amount of memory that is
  accessible)
• Reliability
• Power (low-power versions)

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Applications?

• What are some applications for microprocessors/mic
  rocontrollers?

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Applications

• Computer Systems
• PCs
• Workstations
• Servers
• Supercomputers

• Embedded Systems
• Consumer Electronics
• Appliances
• Automotive
• Avionics
• Process Control

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Why Study Computer Internals?

• Much programming STILL done in assembly language
• Efficient HLL programming (calling conventions)
• Designing, debugging embedded systems (logic
  analyzers)
• Tuning computer systems (cache, etc.)
• Building/designing computers (ECE 5440)

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Assignment for Monday

• Check email for slides
• Read PH Chapter 1
• Review number conversions
• Review binary arithmetic
• HW0 PH, Exercises 1.1-1.26

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Scratch Pad
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Information Cards

• Name
• Email address
• Major
• Classification
• Goal in life