Animal Science Frameworks Presentation Unit 2

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Animal Science Frameworks Presentation Unit 2

• Mr. Sullivan

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Mendels Contributions to the Study of Genetics

• In the mid-1800's, an Austrian monk named Gregor
  Mendel conducted experimental crosses with pea
  plants to understand the basic patterns of
  inheritance.
• Mendel's approach provided the basis for modern
  genetics.

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Mendel's Four Principles of Inheritance

• Genes In Pairs Genetic characters are controlled
  by unit factors (genes) that exist in pairs in
  individual organisms.
• Dominance and Recessive ness When two unlike
  unit factors responsible for a single character
  are present in a single individual, one unit
  factor is dominant to the other, which is said to
  be recessive.
• The Principle of Segregation During the
  formation of gametes, the paired unit factors
  separate (segregate) randomly so that each gamete
  receives one or the other with equal likelihood.
• The Principle of Independent Assortment During
  gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit
  factors assort independently of each other.

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The Functions of Cells

• Cells the cell theory states that a cell is the
  basic unit of life.
• All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

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Cells Must

• Take up nutrients from the external environment.
• Excrete waste products into the external
  environment.
• They must work to make the organism survive.
• Reproduce

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Functions of Chromosomes

• Chromosomes are small strands of genetic material
  that reside in the nucleus.
• They are made of a compound that controls
  inheritance.
• The compound is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).

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Functions of Genes

• Chromosomes contain genes
• Genes are small pieces of DNA
• They tell cells what to do
• The color of your hair and various other physical
  characteristics are thanks to your genes

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Genotype

• The genotype of an animal is its actual genetic
  code.
• It can NOT be changed by environmental factors.

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Phenotype

• The appearance of an animal.
• Some phonotypical traits can be changed with
  contributors to environment.

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Pure Breeding

• Inbreeding is the mating of closely related
  animals.
• Linebreeding is the mating of related animals
  that are not immediate family members.

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Crossbreeding

• Crossbreeding or Outbreeding is the mating of
  animals that are not related.

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Factors to Consider in Selecting Breeding Animals

• Mate the Best with the Best
• The most recent and useful data to observe is the
  Expected Progeny Difference commonly called the
  EPD.

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Expected Progeny Difference (EPD)

• EPDs are records of relatives within and without
  the herd (even dead ancestors).

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Genetic Engineering and its Effect on the
Livestock Industry

• Genetic Engineering is a process that begun with
  the domestication of livestock.
• From the first human decisions made as to what
  animals should be culled from a herd to the
  latest efforts in embryo transplanting and
  cloning (which is done excessively without public
  knowledge).

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Genetic Engineering and its Effect on the
Livestock Industry

• The most predominant effect on the livestock
  industry is the dramatic depletion of the Small
  Farmer
• Those producers not able to incorporate the
  latest technological advances in their production
  fall behind.