Solution:

1
Solution

• a homogeneous mixture of substances in one
  physical state.

2
Solute

• the substance that is dissolved in the solution.

3
Solvent

• the substance in the solution that does the
  dissolving.

4
Soluble

• The ability of one substance to be dissolved in
  another.

5
Insoluble

• a substance that is not able to be dissolved in
  another.

6
Miscible

• liquids that can mix together in any proportions
  to form a solution.

7
Immiscible

• the inability of a liquid to mix and form a
  solution with another liquid.

8
Aqueous Solution

• a solution with water as the solvent.
• Water is the universal solvent

9
Solvation

• process of solvent particles pulling solute
  particles into solution and forming a sphere
  around them.

10
Hydration

• process of solvation where the solvent is water.

11
Solubility

• Maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a
  given amount of solvent at a given T and P.

12
Factors Affecting Solubility Rates

• surface area more area dissolves quicker
• stirring speeds up
• temperature

13
Factors Affecting Solubility

• temperature
• pressure (gas solute)
• nature of solute solvent (polarity)

14
Like Dissolves Like

• polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
• nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes

15
Henrys Law

• Solubility of a gas depends on its vapor pressure
  above the liquid S1 S2
• P1 P2

16
Problem

• If 0.55 g of a gas dissolve in 1 L water at 20.0
  kPa, how much would dissolve at 110 kPa?

S1/ P1 S2/ P2 S2 S1P2/P1 3.0 g
17
Saturated

• contains the max. amount of solute that can be
  dissolved at that temperature and pressure.

18
Unsaturated

• a solution that has less than the maximum amount
  of solute that can be dissolved.

19
Supersaturated

• a solution forced to dissolve more than the
  normal maximum amount of solute.