POST CIVIL WAR AMERICA RECONSTRUCTION

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POST CIVIL WAR AMERICARECONSTRUCTION

• 1865-1877

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PROBLEMS TO FACE

• 1-HOW TO REBUILD THE SOUTH?
• 2-HOW WOULD THE FREED SLAVES SURVIVE?
• 3-HOW WOULD SOUTHERN STATES BE ALLOWED BACK INTO
  THE UNION?
• 4-WHO WOULD DIRECT RECONSTRUCTION? SOUTHERN
  STATES, PRESIDENT OR CONGRESS

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REBUILDING REINTEGRATION

• 1-DAVIS2 yr prison sentence
• 2-All leaders pardoned in 1868
• 3-FREEDMEN
• Violence against their masters
• Loyalty to former masters
• Took new names
• Want to be addressed as Mr./Mrs.
• Look for spouses/kids
• -look for new opportunities
• Church becomes focus of black community
• Education

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2 types of people in the south

• Carpetbaggers
• Northerners who went South to gain power
• Scalawags
• Southernersformer Unionists Whigs
• Use political influence to profit from new govt

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FREEDMANS BUREAU 1865

• Govt to provide food, clothing, medical care
  education
• Run by Gen. Oliver Howard
• Results
• 200,000 learned to read
• Authorized to settle black on 40 acres of land
• Most dont get land sign labor contracts with
  former masters
• Bureau expires in 1872
• Johnson hates it---too much fed. Govt involvement

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Types of Reconstruction Plans

• 1-Lincolns plan---10 plan
• 10 loyalty oathreadmitted to Union
• Pardons all except main leaders
• 2-Radical Republicans-Wade Davis Bill
• 50 take loyalty oath
• Election for convention-----new state
  constitutions
• Want punishment
• Key leaders
• Thaddeus Stevenshumanitarian without humanity
• Sumnerfreedmens rights need to be guaranteed

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Andrew Johnson as President

• Tennessee war Governor during Civil War
• Pro-Union southerner
• Reconstruction Plan of May, 1865
• Uses 10 plan
• No vote for leading, wealthy Confeds
• Personal pardons ok
• State conventions----repeal secession, give up
  Confed. debt---ratify 13th Am.readmission

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BLACK CODES

• Southern state laws to regulate blacks
• Blacks need job---labor contracts
• No jury
• No idlenesscan be arrested
• ----become sharecroppers

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CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

• Fear power of Southern states
• Dislike Confed. leaders getting jobs in Congress
  back gaining more power
• Would they get rid of the tariff?
  Transcontinental rr? Homestead Act? Keep Black
  codes??

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Johnson vs. Congress

• Johnson
• Vetoes
• Freedmens Bureau
• Civil Rights Billlater becomes 14th Amendment
• States rights
• Personal Pardons for Confeds.
• Dec. 6, 1865all states had satisfied his
  conditions for re-admittance----Union restored

• Congressional-Military
• 14th Amendment June, 1866
• Citizenship
• Reduced representation if deny black voters
• Disqualified Confed officers
• Guarantee of fed debt
• No guarantee of confed debt
• Right to vote (later 15th Amendment)
• Reconstruction Act of 1867
• South ruled by Generals
• Divided in 5 military districts
• Ratify 14th Amendment or not in Union
• 15th Amendmentvote

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Congressional elections of 1866

• Congress keeps passing laws over Johnsons veto
• Republicans dislike that many Southern
  governments have very strict Black Codeslike
  slavery all over again
• Johnson gives speeches about Radical
  republicans------
• Result-Republicans gain a 2/3 majority in both
  houses of Congress

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

• Tenure of Office Act 1867
• Get consent of Senate for removal of appointee
• StantonSec. of War
• 1868Johnson dismisses Stanton
• House of Repvote to impeach Johnson
• Abuse of the constitution??

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RESULTS OF RECONSTRUCTION

• Blacks get freedom, citizenship right to vote
• Women do NOT get the vote
• Black political organizations develop
• Blacks acted as delegates to state constitutional
  conventions---gain political experience
• Increased representation in Congress, many in
  state local govt
• earmarked for freedmen---went to whites
• KKK develops
• Congress uses Force Acts to get rid of KKK