URBANIZATION or HOW CITIES GROW

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URBANIZATIONor HOW CITIES GROW

• Geography 1050
• The geography of cities

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Outline

1. Global patterns of urbanization
2. Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs
3. Urbanization and the population question
4. Urban service provision and urban economies in
   LDC cities

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URBANIZATION CITIES

• Urbanization refers to the proportion of people
  in living in cities.
• It also refers to the process in which rural
  populations move to urban areas.
• Urbanization refers to all of the cities in a
  country, considered as an urban system.
• The urban system is the network of individual
  cities within a region or country.

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The World At Night
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The United States, The World And Europe At Night
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Urban and Rural Population, Less Developed
Countries 1950 to 2025
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Urbanization

• The urbanization curve is typically logistic or
  S-shaped

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lt1.5X
3X
of population living in urban areas in major
world regions, 1950, 1975, 2000 and 2025
2X
4X
3X
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Sources of Urbanization

• The urban system of a country grows mainly by
• Natural population increase (births deaths)
• Migration from rural areas (especially in
  countries with large rural populations)
• Immigration from other countries (especially in
  Europe and North America)
• Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass
  formerly rural areas

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Outline

1. Global patterns of urbanization
2. Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs
3. Urbanization and the population question
4. Urban service provision and urban economies in
   LDC cities

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Urbanization in MDCs and LDCs

• MDCs
• Slow pre-industrial growth
• Rapid industrial growth
• Slows again once most previously rural
  populations are in cities
• Europe, North America, Australia and Japan, the
  population is 75 to 80 urban.
• Canada is 80 urbanized.

• LDCs
• Rapid urbanization without proportional
  industrialization (population growth, land
  tenure)
• By 2020 majority of LDC population will live in
  urban areas of 1 million
• By 2020 most megacities of 10 million will be in
  LDCs

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Urbanization
MDC urbanization
LDC urbanization

• The urbanization curve is typically logistic or
  S-shaped

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Urban Growth is Speeding Up

• Time required to reach 2 million population
• Rome, Italy 2000 years
• Vienna, Austria 400 years
• Vancouver, B.C. 115 years
• Shenzhen, China 20 years

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Share of World Population Growth Urban and Rural
Areas LDCs and MDCs 1950 to 2025

• Over the next quarter century, increases in
  urbanization will be almost entirely attributable
  to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

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Cities with 10 million or more people 2015
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Outline

1. Global patterns of urbanization
2. Differences in urbanization between MDCs and LDCs
3. Urbanization and the population question
4. Urban service provision and urban economies in
   LDC cities

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Share of World Population Growth Urban and Rural
Areas LDCs and MDCs 1950 to 2025

• Over the next quarter century, increases in
  urbanization will be almost entirely attributable
  to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia

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Urbanization the population question Thomas
Malthus and Malthusianism
1766-1834

• I SAID that population, when unchecked,
  increased in a geometrical ratio, and subsistence
  for man in an arithmetical ratio.
• Thomas Malthus. 1798. An Essay on the Principle
  of Population
• Available at http//cepa.newschool.edu/het/

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Urbanization the population question
Subsistence
Pop.
Time
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Urbanization the population question Thomas
Malthus and Malthusianism
1766-1834

• Solution to unchecked population growth
  inculcate middle-class values in the
  lower-classes
• Advocated universal sufferage, state-run
  education
• But his analysis of population growth has been
  used to naturalize the idea of overpopulation
  as a purely mathematical problem ---gt buries
  struggles for power (politics) in apparently
  objective language of math.

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Urbanization the population question
Source Marshall, J. 2005
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Urbanization the population question
Source Marshall, J. 2005
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Urbanization the population question
Source Marshall, J. 2005
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Urbanization the population question
Source Marshall, J. 2005
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Urbanization the population question
www.pivotlegal.org/pivot/points/DownEast.htm
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Urbanization the population question
http//faculty.law.ubc.ca/Pue/grlawsocspring03/Ima
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