Classification of Living Hexapod Orders

1
Classification of Living Hexapod Orders
Class Hexapoda (six-legged animals)

• Entognatha (entognathous apterygotes) (3
  orders)
• Insecta (ectognatha or insects) (28 orders)

• Apterygota (ectognathous apterygote) (2
  orders)
• Innovation wings
• Pterygota (winged insects) (26 orders)

• Paleoptera (ancient-winged insects) (2
  orders)
• Innovation wing folding
• Neoptera (new-winged insects) (24 orders)

• Exopterygota (external-winged insects) (15
  orders)
• Innovation complete metamorphosis
• Endopterygota (internal-winged insects
  holometabola) (9 orders)

2
Order Orthoptera
3
Orthoptera (head)

• hypognathous
• eyes usu. present
• ocelli usu. present
• antennae present, shap length various

4
Orthoptera (thorax)

• pronotum large, shield-like

pronotum
5
Orthoptera (thorax)

• 2 pairs wings usu. present

tegmen, -ina
6
Orthoptera (thorax)
hind leg
7
Orthoptera (abdomen)

• 10-11 segmented
• cerci present, 1-segmented
• ovipositor present
• auditory organ

8
Orthoptera (suborders)
Caelifera
Ensifera

• antenna usu. lt30 seg. usu. gt 30 seg.
• antenna length lt body length usu. gt body
• tarsi 3 or less 3 or 4
• sound prod. legs wings or forewings
  organs legs abdomen
• hearing abdomen seg. 1 base of foretibia
  organs (when present)
• ovipositor not exserted usu. exserted,
  blade- or needle-like

9
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
Caelifera
file
10
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
Ensifera
file
scraper
right wing
left wing
ventral view
11
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
file
file teeth
wings, ventral view
12
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
file scraper system
13
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
pulse
syllable
echeme
14
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
time
file
wings closing
wingsopening
wingsclosed
pulse
syllable
15
Orthoptera (Sound Production)
echemes in red
16
Orthoptera (Sound Reception)
Caelifera
auditory organ
17
Orthoptera (Sound Reception)
Ensifera
auditory organ
18
Orthoptera (life cycle)
reversed wing pads
19
Orthoptera (life cycle)
feeding on spermatophore
spermatophore
20
Orthoptera (life cycle)
Ensifera
Caelifera
21
Orthoptera (biology/ecology)
22
Orthoptera (biology/ecology)
23
Orthoptera (biology/ecology)
24
Orthoptera (fauna)

• World Fauna
• ca. 30 families
• gt20,000 species
• North American Fauna
• 16 families
• Acrididae (lab)
• Tetrigidae (lab)
• Tridactylidae (lab)
• Stenopelmatidae
• Rhaphidophoridae (lab)
• Tettigoniidae (lab)
• Gryllidae (lab)
• Gryllotalpidae (lab)
• ca. 1200 species

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Orthoptera Acrididae
26
Orthoptera Tetrigidae
27
Orthoptera Tridactylidae
28
Orthoptera Rhaphidophoridae
29
Orthoptera Tettigoniidae
30
Orthoptera Gryllidae
31
Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae
32
Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae
33
Order Orthoptera
FINIS
34
Order Odonata
The following families were not treated in 2007
because of the late start for the course
consider later whether these should be readded in
future years
35
Orthoptera Stenopelmatidae
36
Order Odonata
End of families not treated in 2007 because of
the late start for the course
37
Order Orthoptera
38
Orthoptera (biology/ecology)
39
Order Orthoptera
40
Order Orthoptera
41
Order Orthoptera
42
Orthoptera (Sound Production Reception)
43
Orthoptera Gryllacrididae
orth0040 Ceuthophilus sp.
Borror et al 1989222 (40)
44
Orthoptera Gryllidae
orth0046 Lepidogryllus sp.
orth0047 Bobilla sp.
orth0045 Oecanthus sp.
CSIRO 1991385 (45-47)
45
Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae
orth0029 Scapteriscus acletus singing burrow
orth0028 Gryllotalpa vineae singing burrow
Chapman 1982681 (28) Gullan Cranston 1994102
(29)
46
Order Orthoptera
47
Order Orthoptera
48
Order Orthoptera
49
Order Orthoptera
50
Order Orthoptera
orth0002
orth0001
Otte 19818 (2), 20 (1)
51
Order Orthoptera
orth0003 (A) Hadrogryllacris, (B) Teleogrylus,
(C) Bermius, (D) Torbia
CSIRO 1991370 (3)
52
Order Orthoptera
orth0010 Gryllotalpa sp.
orth0008
orth0011 Gryllotalpa sp.
orth0009
CSIRO 199152 (8) Essig 194295 (9), 101 (10-11)
53
Order Orthoptera
orth0013 Gastrimargus sp.
CSIRO 19914 (13)
54
Order Orthoptera
orth0004 misc sp.
Essig 194297 (4)
55
Order Orthoptera
orth0027 terms used to describe insect sound
Chapman 1982676 (27)
56
Order Orthoptera
orth0026 Ephippiger sp. (Gryllidae) tegminal
movement sound production
Chapman 1982683 (26)
57
Order Orthoptera
orth0030 Gryllus campestris song oscillograms
Chapman 1982680 (30)
58
Order Orthoptera
orth0031 Decticus sp. tympanal organ
Gullan Cranston 1994100 (31)
59
Orthoptera Acrididae
orth0037 Bermiella sp.
orth0036 Chortoicetes sp.
orth0038 Ecphantus sp.
CSIRO 1991390 (37-38), 392 (36)
60
Orthoptera Tridactylidae
orth0033 Ellipes minuta sp.
Merritt Cummins 1984178 (33)
61
Orthoptera (Sound Production Reception)
62
Order Orthoptera
63
Order Orthoptera
64
Order ooooo
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