ABC

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ABCs of Special Education

• By Jarod Hawk

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A is for Autism

• Autism is characterized by impaired social
  interactions, problems with verbal and nonverbal
  communication, and unusual, repetitive, or
  severely limited activities and interests.

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B is for Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder is classified as a mood
  disorder.
• As with all psychiatric disorders, bipolar
  disorder can range from mild to debilitating.
• People with bipolar disorder have periods of
  depression and periods of excessive excitement
  and activity.

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C is for Concrete Reasoning

• The ability to analyze information and solve
  problems on a literal level. Concrete reasoning
  tasks involve skills such as
• Basic knowledge of names of objects, places, and
  people
• Understanding of basic cause and effect
  relationships

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D is for Deaf-Blind

• Deaf-blindness deals with hearing and visual
  impairments, the combination of which causes such
  severe communication and other developmental and
  educational problems that they cannot be
  accommodated in special education programs solely
  for children with deafness or children with
  blindness.

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E is for Emotionally Disturbed

• Children with behavioral disorders variously
  designated as neurotic, psychotic, or character
  disordered, and whose inabilities may manifest
  themselves in school accomplishment, social
  relationships or feelings of self-adequacy and
  may result both from experience or biological
  limitations.

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F is for Feedback

• Return to a control center of information
  regarding events under its control in
  psychology, the return of sensory information
  from the periphery, used in the control of
  movement the loop of information going back from
  output to input.

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G is for Generalization

• In concept formation, problem-solving, and
  transfer of training, the detection by the
  learner of a characteristic or principle common
  to a class of objects, events, or problems.
• Also, in conditioning, the principle that once a
  conditioned response has been established for a
  given stimulus, other similar stimuli will also
  evoke that response.

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H is for Handicap

• This is an impairment of a particular kind of
  social and psychological behavior. It is the
  extent of the individual's subjective
  interpretation of his/her disability and
  impairment.

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I is for Inclusion

• There are different degrees of inclusion that are
  practiced in schools. Full inclusion is the
  practice of educating all children in regular
  classrooms and schools regardless of
  disabilities.

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J is for Juvenile Diabetes Disorder

• Juvenile diabetes is when there is excessive
  sugar in the child's blood and urine which could
  cause visual impairments, coma, limb amputation,
  and death if untreated

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K is for Kindness

• Kindness is something that you need in a
  classroom in general. ?

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L is for Learning Disability

• Disorder of one or more of the basic
  psychological processes involved in understanding
  or using language, spoken or written, which may
  manifest itself in imperfect ability to listen,
  think, speak, read, write, spell or do math.
• Inability is not due to mental retardation,
  emotional disturbance, or environmental
  disadvantage. There is a notable difference
  between his/her apparent capacity for achievement
  and actual achievement.

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M is for Mainstreaming

• Least restrictive alternative maximum
  integration in the regular classroom, coupled
  with concrete assistance for the non special
  education teacher.

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N is for Norms

• An average, common, or standard performance under
  specified conditions, Example the average
  achievement test score of nine-year-old children
  or the average birth weight of male children.

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O is for ORTHOPEDICALLY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN

• Severe orthopedic impairment which adversely
  affects a child's educational performance.
• The term includes impairments caused by
  congenital anomaly, disease, and impairments from
  other causes

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P is for Phobia

• This is a pathological fear of some specific
  stimulus or situation

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Q is for QUADRIPLEGIA

• This is a paralysis affecting all four limbs

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R is for Regression

• This deals with the return to a previous or
  earlier developmental phase of adaptation,
  partially or symbolically. Most clearly seen in
  severe situations.

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S is for Sign Language

• A system of communication among the deaf through
  conventional hand or body movements which
  represents ideas, objects, action, etc.
• Distinguished from finger spelling

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T is for Teaching Strategies

• These are techniques for successfully
  implementing a lesson to a group of students.
  Usually deals with strategies for keeping
  students on-task, on-topic, attentive, accurate
  in responses and successful in task completion

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U is for Unilateral

• Pertaining to one side of the body

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V is for Visually Handicapped

• Visual impairment which, even with correction,
  adversely affects a child's educational
  performance.
• The term includes both partially seeing and blind
  children.

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W is for wheelchairs

• Wheelchairs It is impermissible for a student
  to be barred from access to classes and other
  activities that regular education peers are
  provided and which could easily be provided by
  the school through accommodations, such as a
  wheelchair or wheelchair accessibility.

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X is for X-Chromosomes

• If you have too many x-chromosomes or too few, it
  can lead to abnormalities.

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Y is for New YORK Institute for Special Education

• The New York Institute for Special Education
  (NYISE) is a private, nonprofit, nonsectarian
  educational facility which provides quality
  programs for children who are blind or visually
  disabled, emotionally and learning disabled and
  preschoolers who are developmentally delayed.

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Z is for Zany

• You must be a ZANY teacher in order to teach
  Special Education.

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References

• http//learningdisabilities.about.com/od/ac/Specia
  l_Education_Terms_Beginning_with_A_C.htm
• http//para.unl.edu/para/spedprog/Glossary.html
• http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v12
  9/ai_4271448

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Notes Page

• I decided to do the ABCs of disabilities because
  I want people to know what each disability means
  and not try and guess what each one means. There
  are many misinterpretations out there, so I
  wanted to clear those up. There are many
  disabilities out there and I wanted to inform
  people of various ones out there.