Ancient Greece Athens and Sparta

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Ancient GreeceAthens andSparta
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The City of Athens

• Athens was the largest city in Greece.
• There were about 40,000 men and 40,000 slaves.
• Athens controlled the land around it, a large
  region called Attika.
• Between the many mountains were fertile valleys,
  where farmers grew olives, grain, fruit and
  grapes.
• There were also deposits of silver, lead and
  marble.

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The City of Sparta

• Sparta was smaller than Athens.
• There were about 8,000 Spartans men who ruled
  over a population of 100,000 slaves.

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Athenian Rule

• In 510 BC a new way of government was invented in
  Athens.
• It was called a 'democracy', which means 'ruled
  by the people'.
• Any man with full citizen rights could go to the
  assembly, where they could speak and vote freely.
  
• Public debates like this decided how the city was
  run.

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The Spartan Rule

• Usually called as an "oligarchy" which means
  ruled by a few.
• But it was a mixture of
• Monarchy which means ruled by kings.
• Democracy which means ruled by the people.
• Aristocracy which means ruled by the upper class
  or land owning class.

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Women in Athens

• Women did not have citizen rights.
• They could only go out to weddings, funerals,
  religious festivals and to visit female friends.
• In wealthy families girls were educated to run
  the household of servants and slaves, and were
  usually married by the age of 13.
• In poorer families women worked alongside men,
  farming in the fields or running the family
  business.

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Women in Sparta

• Women were allowed more freedom in Sparta because
  most of their husbands were soldiers living away
  from home.
• They were allowed to leave the house and go
  shopping.

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The Lives of Slaves

• There were slaves in both Athens and Sparta.
• These were men and women captured in wars or born
  into slavery.
• Many slaves had special skills, such as nurses
  and teachers, while others had the hardest and
  most unpleasant work to do.
• It was common for a rich household to have many
  slaves.
• Some slaves were owned by the state and were used
  as a kind of police force

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Education in Athens

• Until age 6 or 7, boys were taught at home by
  their mother or by a male slave.
• They boys learnt the poetry of Homer and how to
  play the lyre.
• Their teacher, who was always a man, could choose
  what other subjects he wanted to teach.
• He might choose to teach drama, public speaking,
  government, art, reading, writing, maths and the
  flute.
• Books were expensive and rare, so lessons were
  read out-loud, and the boys had to memorize
  everything.

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• They were taught to read and write the Greek
  alphabet.
• They didnt have books to write in. Instead, they
  use a wax tablet, and wrote on this with a metal
  'pen'. The pen had a sharp end and a rounded end.
  
• They wrote with the sharp end, and then rubbed
  out the work with the rounded end.

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• At 14 boys attended a higher school for four more
  years.
• When they turned 18, they entered military school
  for two additional years.
• At age 20, they graduated.
• Girls were not educated at school, but many
  learned to read and write at home.

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Education in Sparta

• In Sparta, education was to produce an army.
• Spartan boys were sent to military school at age
  6 or 7.
• They lived, trained and slept in the barracks of
  their brotherhood.
• At school, they were taught survival skills and
  other skills necessary to be a great soldier.

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• School was very hard and often painful. The boys
  were taught to read and write but those skills
  were not seen as important. Only warfare
  mattered.
• The boys were not fed well, and were told that it
  was fine to steal food as long as they did not
  get caught stealing. If they were caught, they
  were beaten.
• They boys marched without shoes to make them
  strong.

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• Somewhere between the age of 18-20, Spartan males
  had to pass a difficult test of fitness, military
  ability, and leadership skills.
• If they passed, they became a full citizen and a
  Spartan soldier.
• Spartan citizens were not allowed to touch money.
  That was the job of the middle class.

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• Even if they were married, they did not live with
  their wives and families. They lived in the
  barracks.
• Military service did not end until a Spartan male
  reached the age of 60.
• Only then could a Spartan soldier retire and live
  in their home with their family.

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• In Sparta, girls also went to school at age 6 or
  7.
• They lived, slept and trained in their
  sisterhood's barracks.
• The girls were taught wrestling, gymnastics and
  combat skills.
• The Spartans believed that strong young women
  would produce strong babies.
• At age 18, if a Sparta girl passed her skills and
  fitness test, a husband would be chosen for her
  and she was allowed to return home.

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What was it like to be a Spartan?

• Taken away from your parents at age 7, you lived
  a harsh and often brutal life in the soldiers
  barracks.
• You were beaten by older children who started
  fights to help make you tough and strong.
• You were often were whipped in front of groups of
  other Spartans, including your parents, but never
  cried out in pain.
• You were given very little food, but encouraged
  to steal food, instead. If caught stealing, you
  were beaten.
• To avoid severe pain, you learned to be cunning,
  to lie, to cheat, to steal, and how to get away
  with it!

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Spartan Goals And Behavior At The Olympics

• Win at all costs.
• Lie, cheat, do whatever it takes.
• If you can't win, at least beat those citizens of
  Athens.
• You are the proud and fierce Spartans!
• March in step whenever possible. Plot secretly
  with other Greek city-states to sabotage any
  Athenian chance at victory.
• Cheer only for your fellow Spartans at each
  event.
• Good luck at the games!

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What it was like to be an Athenian!

• Be polite.
• You have had a good education.
• Until age 6 or 7, you were taught at home by your
  mother, or by a male slave.
• From age 7-14, you attended a day school in the
  neighborhood where you memorized poetry and
  learned to play the lyre.
• You learned drama, public speaking, reading,
  writing, maths, and perhaps even how to play the
  flute.
• You attended four years of higher school, and
  learned more about maths and science and
  government.
• At 18, you attended military school for two
  additional years!
• You are proud to be an Athenian!

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Athenian Goals And Behavior At The Olympics

• You know those Spartans, will do anything to win,
  even lie and cheat.
• But you are Athenians - you would never behave
  like that.
• Cooperate with your fellow Athenians to defeat
  those brutish Spartans, and do your personal
  best!
• Be polite to all Greeks, no matter what city they
  represent.
• You are Athenians clever, creative and polite
• Good luck in the games!