Warring City States

1
Warring City States

• Section 5.2

2
Terms

• Polis a city-state. Usually controlled between
  50 to 500 square miles
• Acropolis Fortified hilltop were people
  gathered, town square.
• Monarchy King
• Aristocracy Rule by the few rich nobles
• Oligarchy Rule by few powerful people

3
Democracy Develops

• Draco takes power in 621 B.C.
• Develops a legal code based on the fact that all
  are equal under the law.
• Death was punishment for almost all crimes.

4
Democracy Develops

• Solon takes power in 594 BC
• Outlawed slavery
• Separated society into 4 classes. Top 3 could
  hold political office
• Any citizen could now bring charges against
  another

5
Democracy Develops

• Cleisthenes takes power in 500 BC
• People were now broken into 10 groups based on
  where they lived not wealth
• Citizens could now submit laws for debate and
  passage
• Council of 500 Random appointment, proposed laws

6
Democracy Develops

• Education
• Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history,
  mathematics, and music
• To prepare for debates students took logic and
  public speaking classes
• No women in schools.
• At home they learned about child care, weaving,
  cooking, and cleaning

7
Critical Thinking

• Which Athenian leaders reforms most resemble
  parts of the US democracy?
• Why was education an important step toward
  democracy?

8
Sparta
9
Rise to Power

• Conquered the Messenians in 725 BC
• Forced the Messenians to give them half their
  crops
• Messenians revolt and come close to winning
• Spartans vow to become a military state

10
Spartan Government

• Elected Assembly passed the laws
• Council of Elders 30 older citizens proposed
  laws
• 5 Officials carried out the laws
• 2 Kings ruled over the military

11
Spartan Daily Life

• All forms of individuality was discouraged
• No arts or literature
• Valued duty, strength, and discipline
• Boys moved to military barracks at 7 yrs old
  until 30.
• Women were active athletically and militarily

12
Sparta
13
Critical Thinking

• Why didnt Spartans resist such a harsh system?
• Women told their husbands come back with your
  sheild or on it. What does this qoute mean?

14
(No Transcript)
15
Persian Wars
16
Military Technology

• Phalanx Foot soldiers standing side by side
  with a shield in one hand and spear in the other.
• Iron became cheap so middle class was able to
  fight

17
How it began

• Greeks and Persians fight over Anatolia
• Darius (Persian) vows to destroy Athens

18
Marathon

• 25,000 Persians land in Greece to attack Athens
• 10,000 Greeks meet them at Marathon
• Greeks kill 6,000 and lose only 200
• Pheidippides runs 26 miles back to Athens to
  alert Athens of the victory. He delivers the
  message then dies of exhaustion

19
Thermopylae

• Persians return to attack Athens
• Most Greeks dont want to fight
• 7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans meet the Persians
  at Thermopylae
• Hold Persians back for 3 days
• Greeks retreat, but the Spartans fight to the
  death

20
Salamis

• An island off the coast
• Small mobile Greek ships ram the large Persian
  ships
• Turning point in the Persian War.
• Victory led to a flourish of Greek culture