Ancient Greece

1
Chapter 5

• Ancient Greece
• (1750 B.C. 133 B.C.)

2
Section 1

• Early People of the Aegean

3
The Minoans

• Established brilliant early civilization on the
  island of Crete
• Helped to shape the first Greek civilization

4
Epics of Homer

• Homer was a blind poet credited with creating the
  Iliad and the Odyssey
• The Iliad and the Odyssey reveal many of the
  values of ancient Greeks

5
The Mycenaean

• Best known for their part in the Trojan War (1250
  B.C.)
• Economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy.
• Troy controlled vital straits- narrow water
  passage.
• Conquered the Greek mainland and Crete
• Absorbed Egyptian and Mesopotamian influences and
  passed them on to later Greeks

6
Section 2

• The Rise of Greek City-States

7
Geography and the Greek City-States

• Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula
• The geography of the region prevented the Greeks
  from creating a large, united empire. Instead,
  they built many small city-states.
• The seas linked the Greeks to the outside world

8
Governing the City-States

• The Greeks evolved different forms of govt.
• At first the ruler was a king. A govt. in which
  a king or queen exercises central power is called
  a monarchy.
• Power slowly shifted to a class of noble
  landowners. A govt. ruled by a landholding elite
  is called an aristocracy.
• A govt. in which power is in the hands of a
  small, powerful elite, usually from the business
  class is called an oligarchy.

9
Athens

• Democracy or govt. ruled by the people
• Women were considered inferior
• Solon leader of Athens who introduced social,
  political, and economic reforms

10
Sparta

• Rulers were two kings and a council of elders
• Conquered people were turned into slaves, called
  helots.
• All boys received military training
• Girls were raised to produce healthy sons for the
  army

11
Section 3

• Victory and Defeat in the Greek world

12
The Persian Wars

• Greek City-States were often in conflict with one
  another
• Threat of Persian empire united the Greek
  city-states
• City-states defeated the Persians
• Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state

13
The Age of Pericles

• After the Persian Wars, Greece was dominated by
  Athens
• Athens enjoyed a golden age under Pericles
• Pericles was a statesman who established direct
  democracies in Athens
• Direct Democracy- large numbers of citizens take
  part in the day-to-day affairs of govt.

14
Peloponnesian War

• Resulted from conflict between Athens and Sparta

15
Section 4

• The Glory that was Greece

16
Greek Philosophers

• Rhetoric- the art of skillful speaking
• Socrates philosopher who examined beliefs and
  ideas through critical questioning
• Plato emphasized the importance of reason
• Aristotle favored rule by single strong and
  virtuous leader

17
Greek Architects and Artists

• The work of Greek artists and architects
  reflected a concern with balance, order, and
  beauty
• Architects tried to convey a sense of perfect
  balance to reflect the harmony of the universe

18
Poetry and Drama

• Greek theater evolved out of religious festivals
• Tragedies- plays that told stories of human
  suffering that usually ended in disaster
• Comedies- humorous plays that mocked people or
  customs

19
Writing of History

• Herodotus Father of History stressed the
  importance of research

20
Section 5

• Alexander and the Hellenistic Age

21
Alexander the Great

• Philip of Macedonia conquered Greece. He was
  assassinated before he could conquer the Persian
  Empire
• His son, Alexander, who succeeded him conquered
  Asia Minor, Palestine, Egypt, and Babylon.
• He died of a sudden fever while planning his next
  battle

22
Alexanders Achievements

• He established an empire that extended from
  Greece to Egypt to India. His empire was divided
  up by three generals upon his death.
• Encouraged a blending of eastern and western
  cultures by marrying a Persian woman and adopting
  Persian customs
• Most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek
  culture
• He was the center of the Hellenistic world

23
Greek minds of the Hellenistic world

• Zeno founded Stoicism, which urged people to
  accept calmly whatever life brought
• Pythagoras derived a formula to calculate the
  relationship between the sides of a triangle
• Aristarchus theorized about a heliocentric, or
  sun-centered, solar system
• Hippocrates studied illnesses and cures and set
  ethical standards for medical care