Turkey

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Turkey
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Turkey
Elif
Zeynep
Ünsal
Ümit
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Consonant phonemes
?
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Vowel phonemes
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Vowel phonemes
Front Front Back Back
Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded
High i (fog - sis) y (ornament - süs ) ? (winter - kis) u (bird - kus)
Low e (noise - ses) œ(remark - söz) a (eyebrow - kas) o (race - kosu)
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Consonant allophony

• Velar stops are realized as palatal stops before
  front vowels
• Lateral approximant is velarized after back
  vowels
• Voiced velar fricative is realized as nil
• Alveolar tap is realized as fricated
  word-initially, and voiceless fricated
  word-finally

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Vowel allophony

• Vowel phonemes are realized as lax except before
  velar fricative
• /a/ is realized as schwa when unstressed

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Turkish orthography
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Other considerations

• Syllable-final stress
• Allomorphy on verb suffixes
• -mek after stems with a front vowel
• -mak after stems with a back vowel
• Doesnt allow word-final voiced stops or
  affricate

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Good websites

• http//linguistics.concordia.ca/turkishvowels/
• http//accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php?function
  findlanguageturkish
• http//www.turkishdictionary.net/
• http//www.laits.utexas.edu/phonology/turkish/inde
  x.html
• Turkish phonology, morphology and syntax by Dr.
  Zülal Balpinar (Google books)