Vowels:%20other%20considerations

1
Vowels other considerations

• Diphthongs
• ATR
• Rhoticity
• Length

2
Diphthongs

• Two-vowel sequence

oi
ij and uw
ai
ei and ou
au
3
Diphthongs

• Make up one syllable
• naïve and knife
• employ and employee

4
Diphthongs
5
ATR

• Advanced tongue root
• Tongue root is more forward
• Larynx is lowered ? pharynx is enlarged

6
ATR

• ATR in Igbo

• Examples from Akan

(Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996)
7
Rhoticity
8
Rhoticity

• Rhoticized means r-colored
• bird park fur assert
• Different articulations
• Tongue tip raised (like retroflex)
• Tongue tip lowered with tongue body bunched up

9
Rhoticity

• Six different English speakers showing the
  bunched up style

(Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996)
10
Rhoticity
11
Length

• Arabic, Vietnamese, Hindi, German

Mixe
12
Vowel inventory

• Five- and seven-vowel systems are most common

Spanish
Yiddish
Italian
13
Vowel inventory

• Some languages have many more

French (plus nasals)
English (plus diphthongs)
14
Vowels and orthography

• No vowel indication
• Semitic languages
• Auxiliary vowel indication
• (the same) Semitic languages
• Inherent vowel indication
• Indian languages
• Independent vowel indication
• English

15
No or auxiliary vowel indication

• Vn thgh ths sntnc hs n vwls y cn stll ndrstnd wht
  t sys

16
Inherent vowel indication

• Each grapheme includes a vowel (usually schwa)
• Gujarati