Orthographic regularity

1
Orthographic regularity

• The correspondence between phonology
  (pronunciation) and orthography (spelling)
• High OR Spanish, Italian, German
• Low OR English
• Same spelling, diff. pron. cut - put us - as
  camel - ceiling
• Diff. spelling, same pron. flew, flu cake

2
Orthographic regularity 1.

• SW spoken word, WW written word

spell
SW1 WW1 SW2 WW2 SW3 WW3
read

• E.g. Italian both reading and writing is easy to
  learn

3
Orthographic regularity 2.

• SW spoken word, WW written word

spell
SW1 WW1 SW2 WW2 SW3 WW3
read

• E.g. English both reading and writing is very
  difficult to learn

4
Orthographic regularity 3.

• SW spoken word, WW written word

spell
SW1 WW1 WW2
read

• E.g. Greek reading is easy and writing is
  difficult to learn

5
Non-alphabetic script

• Words are represented by symbols classic
  Chinese, Japanese
• Additional syllabic script
• Chinese Pinyin Japanese kana (71 characters)
• Non-alphabetic scripts are very difficult to
  learn children first start with syllabic script,
  learn symbols later

6
Learning braille
7
Learning braille

• It takes longer for blind children to learn the
  braille alphabet
• Tactile discrimination is more difficult
• Very little or no pre-school experience
• Teaching methods are not as advanced (e. g. large
  braille has only been introduced recently)

8
Dyslexia

• Specific difficulty with reading and writing,
  while other cognitive functions are at a normal
  level
• Some dyslexic children also have speech problems
  in preschool
• In countries, where the language has high
  orthographic regularity dyslexia less common