QUIZ 1

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QUIZ 1

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• Your Section is
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• Stay put in last 5 min

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2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself

• Professor Ian McGregor
• Lecture 3 Motives and Traits

Who Are You? http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNFf_-K
op-Q8
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• York Counseling Center, 416-736-5297
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  by York students for York students).

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Overview of Todays Lecture

• Begin with Freud on Individual Differences
• From Motives to Traits
• Big-5 and similarity to other models
• Including Jung and MBTI
• Nature vs. Nurture (genetics vs. mom)
• Social correlates of Big-5 traits
• Sex, politics, religion
• Divorce

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Freud Psychosexual Development

• Oral Stage
• Incorporative or sadistic fixation
• Anal Stage
• Expulsive or retentive (anal triad stubborn,
  orderly, stingy)
• Phallic Stage
• Oedipus complex
• Castration anxiety
• Penis Envy and Electra complex
• Latency Stage
• Super-egoliving up to gender and cultural ideals
• Genital Stage
• Mutual pleasure and altruism--generativity

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Projective tests What do you see?
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Murrays Needs and Motives Explorations in
Personality, 1938, Dedicated to Freud and Jung

• Assumption that people will be unable or
  unwilling to report sexual, selfish, or
  aggressive motives (Freud).
• Relies on Associations i.e., complexes or schemas
  (Jung)
• Need Press motive
• Measurement Problems Reliability and Prediction

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From Motives to Traits

• Motives began to be seen as unscientific remnants
  of outdated psychoanalytic perspective
• Behaviourism
• Cognitive Revolution Just ask, they might tell
  you
• Journals changed names to gain credibility
• Problems
• Too many traitsfield had no focus
• 1960s zietgeist utopian change, power of
  situation(ism)
• Prediction problems Walter Mischel shock
• Do traits even exist? Circular logic
• Two Developments Revived Personality Psych
• Experimental Personality Research (next week)
• Big-5 (today)

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Big-5

• Lexical Criterion and Factor Analysis (1949)
• Catell 4500 adjectives? 1700 Fiskes 5 factors
• 1980s, access to computers
• Replicated by other researchers
• In other cultures and languages
• With different ages
• With non-verbal formats and observer raters
• Remarkably stable over time
• Predict real world things e.g., politics and
  divorce

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Big-5 Personality Traits (-1, 0, 1?)
http//www.personal.psu.edu/j5j/IPIP/ipipneo300.h
tm

• EXTRAVERSION
• Enthusiastic, outgoing, talkative
• AGREEABLENESS
• Sympathetic, warm, accepting, friendly
• OPENNESS
• Intellectual, complex, unconventional, creative,
  original
• CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
• Dependable, disciplined, organized, careful
• NEUROTICISM
• Anxious, easily upset, moody

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Jung Personality and Individuation

• Introversion vs. Extraversion
• The Four Functions
• Sensing (a kind of perceiving)
• INtuiting (a kind of perceiving)
• Feeling (a way of judging)
• Thinking (a way of judging)
• Perceiving vs. Judging

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Myers Briggs (Based on Jungs Theory)

• Circle your summary on Table of Types
• Matches vs. mismatches?
• Correlated with 4 of the Big-5
• Simple, less pejorative labels appreciating
  Gifts Differing
• Good for marriages and workplaces!
• Beyond the golden rule

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Big-5 (NEOAC) Plato, Galen, Freud, MBTI

• Brass/Iron, Silver, Gold
• Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic, Melancholic
• Oral, Anal, Phallic
• EI, SN, TF, PJ
• The role of Mom?

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Genetics and PersonalityCorrelations of Big-5
Traits Between

• Adopted kids and parents
• Adopted siblings
• Biological kids and parents
• Biological siblings
• Non-identical (dz) twins
• Identical (mz) twins
• Identical twins raised apart

0 0 .1 .1 .25 .5 .5
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Heredity Estimate

• (rmz rdz) x 2 x100 Variance from genes
• No effect of parents? (stay tuned!)
• Non-Shared Environment?
• Harris Where is the Childs Environment?
• Is it Error? Multiple raters boost genes to 70
• Culture? People are getting taller, and smarter,
  and more anxious
• Change is possible, genetic predisposition not
  absolute destiny.
• Young adulthood is difficult. Neur. goes down!

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Openness Awed or odd?

• Openness to Experience
• Aesthetics
• Fantasy
• Values
• Actions
• Ideals
• Feelings

Sex, politics, and religion
Ideal friends and marriage
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Traits and Divorce

• What if MZ twin and parents
• a) got divorced?
• 80 divorced
• b) stayed married?
• 10 divorced
• Trait Divorce Proneness
• high E, high O, low C, high N, r.4
• Traits also predict MZ twins divorce, r.4!