Moghra Formation consists of a thick 203m clastic section of variegated shales, thin marls, sands an

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• Moghra Formation consists of a thick (203m)
  clastic section of variegated shales, thin marls,
  sands and calcareous grits with large quantities
  of silicified trees and few scattered
  fluviomarine fossils. It is particularly
  developed to the south of a line that runs from
  Siwa to Wadi El Natrun and forms a conspicuous
  part of the northern Qattara wall.
• Marmarica Limestone covers the Marmarican
  Plateau to the north of Siwa - Wadi El Natrun
  line. It is very uniform in character and
  practically horizontal. It is made of a solid
  limestone (78 m thick) that becomes a little
  sandy towards the east. It is rich in shallow
  marine Langhian fossils as Scutella zitteli,
  Echinolampus amplus, Ostrea digitalina, etc...

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• Economic mineral deposits
• In addition to the importance of the Miocene
  sediments as being the main Oil-producting
  horizon in the Gulf of Suez, some of the Miocene
  mineral deposits are of economic importance
  Gypsum is quarried from the Middle and Upper
  Miocene at Ras Malaab, southwestern Sinai. Also,
  lead, zinc and sulphur as metasomatic replacement
  hydrothermal deposits of some Miocene sediments
  occur along the Red Sea coast.

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• The Quaternary sediments in Egypt have been
  subdivided by BALL (1939) into
• - Raised beaches and coral reefs along the Red
  Sea coast,
• - Oolitic limestones on the Mediterranean coast.
• - Alluvial deposits in the Nile Valley and the
  Delta,
• - Lacustrine deposits and the Nile mud in Fayoum
  Depression,
• - Alluvial deposits in the drainage channels and
  depressions,
• - Calcareous tufa in the oases of Kharga and
  Kurkur, and
• - Dunes and other wind-borne sand accumulations.

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• The geological evolution of the River Nile in
  Egypt
• Under this title SAID (1981 1990) has summed up
  what is known at present about the development of
  the Nile system in Egypt. Sediments form one of
  the chief sources of information they show great
  changes in the river valley since its "down
  cutting" through earlier rocks in the Late
  Miocene.
• Five river phases succeeded each other the
  Eonile in the Late Miocene, Paleonile in Late
  Pliocene, and the Proto-, Pre- and NeoNile in the
  Pleistocene. These phases were separated by
  "episodes", with the river declining or even
  ceasing its flow for reasons of tectonic and
  climatic changes

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