North Canton Hoover High School

1
North Canton Hoover High School

• OGT SCIENCE
• REVIEW

2
Define conduction, convection, and radiation.
Give an example of each.
Next Question
Test Yourself
3
Conduction

• Definition
• The transfer of heat across a medium from a
  source of higher temperature to a source of lower
  temperature

• Example
• A metal pot on the stove is heated when the
  burner is on.

Next Question
Take Me Back
4
Convection

• Definition
• The process by which heat is transferred by the
  movement of a heated fluid (gas or liquid).

• Example
• Steam rises from a pot of boiling Water

Next Question
Take Me Back
5
Radiation

• Definition
• The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.
  This form of heat transfer does not need a medium.

• Example
• Earth is heated by electromagnetic waves that
  travel through space from the sun.

Next Question
Take Me Back
6
Test Yourself - A

• The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes
  hot.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
7
Test Yourself - A

• The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes
  hot.

Conduction - CORRECT
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
8
Test Yourself - A

• The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes
  hot.

Conduction
Convection INCORRECT TRY AGAIN
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
9
Test Yourself - A

• The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes
  hot.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation Incorrect Try again
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
10
Test Yourself - B

• You warm yourself by a campfire.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
11
Test Yourself - B

• You warm yourself by a campfire.

Conduction Incorrect Try again
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
12
Test Yourself - B

• You warm yourself by a campfire.

Conduction
Convection INCORRECT TRY AGAIN
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
13
Test Yourself - B

• You warm yourself by a campfire.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation Correct
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
14
Test Yourself - C

• Warm air at the Earths equator rises cold air
  at its poles sinks.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
15
Test Yourself - C

• Warm air at the Earths equator rises cold air
  at its poles sinks.

Conduction Incorrect Try again
Convection
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
16
Test Yourself - C

• Warm air at the Earths equator rises cold air
  at its poles sinks.

Conduction
Convection CORRECT
Radiation
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
17
Test Yourself - C

• Warm air at the Earths equator rises cold air
  at its poles sinks.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation Incorrect Try again
Next Test Yourself Question
Next Question
18
Test Yourself - D

• Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the
  body.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Next Question
19
Test Yourself - D

• Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the
  body.

Conduction Incorrect Try again
Convection
Radiation
Next Question
20
Test Yourself - D

• Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the
  body.

Conduction
Convection Incorrect Try again
Radiation
Next Question
21
Test Yourself - D

• Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the
  body.

Conduction
Convection
Radiation - Correct
Next Question
22
Biomes

• Define Biome
• Name 6 common biomes.Describe the climate of
  each.

Next Question
23
Biomes

• Define BiomeA biome is a distinct ecological
  community of plants and animals living together
  in a particular climate.

Next Question
Back to Biomes
24
Biomes

• Name 6 common biomes.Describe the climate of
  each.
• Arctic Tundra
• dry and wet seasons Cold
• Deciduous Forest
• moisture evenly distributed warm summers, cold
  winters
• Desert
• sporadic, localized moisture great daily range
  of temperature.

Next Question
Next Page of Biomes
25
Biomes

• Name 6 common biomes.Describe the climate of
  each.
• Coniferous Forest
• moisture varies throughout year cold winters,
  cool summers.
• Tropical Forest
• long wet season with short dry season hot
• Temperate Grassland
• wet and dry seasons hot

Next Question
Back to Biomes
or
26
List some causes of weather.

• Solar Energy heats air and land
• Elevation temperature falls with increased
  elevation
• Nearness to large bodies of water humidity and
  temperature are affected
• Temperature determines how much water vapor air
  can hold
• Air Pressure produces wind and air mass patterns

Next Question
27
What is the greenhouse effect?

• Carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere
  prevent the suns heat energy from radiating back
  into space from Earth.

Next Question
28
How is the theory of global warming related to
the green house effect?

• The burning of fossil fuels increases the carbon
  dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.
• Because CO2 absorbs heat, the atmosphere may
  become warmer.

Next Question
29
Plate Tectonics

• Explain the theory of plate tectonics
• What are some events that change the Earths
  surface?
• Explain continental drift. Look at a map of the
  world. Can you see how the continents would fit
  together?
• Define tectonic terms

Next Question
30
Plate Tectonics

• As the plates that make up the Earths surface
  shift, they can cause the Earths surface to
  change.

Next Question
Back to Plate Tectonics
31
Plate Tectonics

• Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain creation, and
  sea floor spreading are examples of events that
  change the Earths surface.

Next Question
Back to Plate Tectonics
32
Plate Tectonics

• Scientists believe that 200 million years ago,
  Earths continents were joined together, forming
  a super-continent called Pangaea. As the
  tectonic plates under the continents shifted,
  Pangaea broke up, and the continents moved apart.

Next Question
Back to Plate Tectonics
33
Plate Tectonics

• Tectonic Plates
• Moving sheets of rock that form Earths surface
• Theory of plate tectonics
• Theory that explains how a few thin, rigid
  tectonic plates move across Earths surface
• Mantle convection
• Force deep within the Earth, driven by internal
  heat, that moves continents and the plates of
  which they are a part.

Next Question
Back to Plate Tectonics
or
34
List some severe weather patterns

• Explain each pattern and tell where it is found
• Tropical Storms
• Tornadoes
• Monsoons

Next Question
35
List some severe weather patterns Tropical
Storms

• And hurricanes
• Start as low-pressure areas over warm waters
• Gain strength from warm water, but diminish when
  they reach land
• Usually begin in tropical areas where the water
  is the warmest

Next Question
Back to Sever Weather
36
List some severe weather patterns Tornadoes

• Rotating air funnels that descend from storm
  clouds
• Can reach air speeds in excess of 300 mph
• Found throughout the world, but are common in
  central US states like Oklahoma, Nebraska,
  Illinois and Ohio

Next Question
Back to Sever Weather
37
List some severe weather patterns Monsoons

• Wind systems that seasonally reverse direction
• Winds bring rain inland from the ocean in the
  summer, and they often bring drought from the
  continent interior during the winter.
• Found over the Asian continent and Australia

Next Question
Back to Sever Weather
38
Describe ways of estimating geologic time.

• Radiometric dating
• Based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes
  that is used to determine the age of materials
• Rock sequencing
• Analyzing the order of rock strata to estimate
  their relative ages Rocks lower in the order
  tend to be older than those near the top.
• Fossils
• Remains or traces of prehistoric organisms that
  are often formed when tissue is replaced with
  minerals

Next Question
39
Atomic Theory

• What is and element? Give and example.
• An element is a basic substance made of a single
  type of atom (hydrogen, carbon, gold)
• How are atoms and molecules related to elements?
• Molecules are chemical combinations of two or
  more atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen can combine to
  make a molecule of water (H2O)

Next Question
40
Fission and Fusion

• What is Fission?
• What is Fusion?
• Test Yourself

Next Question
41
What is Fission?

• Fission is a reaction that produces energy when
  heavy radioactive nucleus splits apart into
  fragments.
• The mass of the fragments is less than the mass
  of the original isotope.

Next Question
Back to Fission and Fusion
42
What is Fusion?

• Fusion is a process in which two nuclei come
  together to form a third, larger nucleus.
• Energy is released when the larger nucleus is
  produced.

Next Question
Back to Fission and Fusion
43
Test Yourself - A

• New elements being formed in the intense heat of
  stars
• Fission
• Fusion

Next Question
Next Test Yourself Question
44
Test Yourself - A

• New elements being formed in the intense heat of
  stars
• Fission Incorrect Try again!
• Fusion

Next Question
Next Test Yourself Question
45
Test Yourself - A

• New elements being formed in the intense heat of
  stars
• Fission
• Fusion - Correct

Next Question
Next Test Yourself Question
46
Test Yourself - B

• Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy
• Fission
• Fusion

Next Question
Next Test Yourself Question
47
Test Yourself - B

• Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy
• Fission - Correct
• Fusion

Next Question
Next Test Yourself Question
48
Test Yourself - B

• Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy
• Fission
• Fusion Incorrect Try Again!

Next Question
Next Test Yourself Question
49
Test Yourself - C

• Power generated in a nuclear submarines reactor.
• Fission
• Fusion

Next Question
50
Test Yourself - C

• Power generated in a nuclear submarines reactor.
• Fission - Correct
• Fusion

Next Question
51
Test Yourself - C

• Power generated in a nuclear submarines reactor.
• Fission
• Fusion Incorrect Try Again!

Next Question
52
What about stars?

• How are stars created?
• How do stars produce energy?
• How are stars responsible for the creation of
  elements?

Next Question
53
How are stars created?

• A new star forms when a huge cloud (made of
  hydrogen and other matter) collapses in space.
• Gravity at the center of the new star creates
  great heat.

Next Question
Back to About Stars
54
How do stars produce energy?

• The intense heat inside a star causes the
  hydrogen protons to move so rapidly that they
  join together or fuse.
• This process, fusion, is a nuclear reaction that
  creates energy.
• The star starts to glow.

Next Question
Back to About Stars
55
How are stars responsible for the creation of
elements?

• Ongoing fusion of protons in stars results in
  many different proton combinations.
• Each different combination of protons is an
  element.
• After millions of years some stars explode,
  releasing many different elements into space.

Next Question
Back to About Stars
56
Energy

• Define potential energy.
• Define kinetic energy.

Next Question
57
Potential Energy

• The energy of position.
• Example an eraser sitting on a table has less
  potential energy than an eraser sitting on top of
  an 8 foot ladder.

The pendulum at the top of its swing has more
potential energy than when it is mid-way through
its swing
Next Question
Back to Energy
58
Kinetic Energy

• The energy of Motion.
• Example is a pendulum in motion

Next Question
Back to Energy
59
Newtons Laws of Motion

• Unless acted on by an outside force, a body at
  rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains
  in motion. (Inertia)
• Change of motion is proportional to the force
  used to produce the change.
• For every action there is an equal and opposite
  reaction.

Next Question
60
How do Science and invention affect one another?

• Invention uses known scientific principles to
  make something work better or create a new tool
• Example Discovery of electro-magnetic waves led
  to the invention of radio, television and X-Rays.
• Using new tools (inventions) allows scientists to
  determine unknown scientific principles and new
  information
• Example The Hubble Space Telescope allows
  scientists to learn more about the solar system

Next Question
61
More Atomic Theory

• Draw a simple model (Bohr model) of an atom
  showing the placement of the nucleus, protons,
  neutrons and electrons.
• Which part gives the atomic number?
• How would you make your atom an ion?
• How would you make your atom an isotope?

Next Question
62
Simple model of atom
Next Question
Back to More Atomic Theory
63
Which part gives the atomic number?

• The number of protons gives the element its
  atomic number.

Next Question
Back to More Atomic Theory
64
How would you make your atom an ion?

• The atom becomes an ion (electrically charged)
  when it loses or gains an electron.

Next Question
Back to More Atomic Theory
65
How would you make your atom an isotope?

• An isotope has extra neutrons, increasing the
  mass of the atom.

Next Question
Back to More Atomic Theory
66
Physical Properties of Substances

• Color
• Gold is yellow
• Hardness
• Diamonds are the hardest mineral
• Conductivity
• Copper conducts electricity

• Density
• Lead is more dense, feather is less dense
• Ductility
• Copper can be pulled into a wire
• Magnetism
• Iron is attracted to a magnet

Next Question
67
Electricity

• How does electric current flow?
• Electric current flows when electrons move freely

• Explain what makes some materials conductors and
  others insulators
• Conductors materials with loosely held electrons
  (copper)
• Insulators materials with electrons tightly
  bound to their atoms (clay, rubber)

Next Question
68
Waves

• Define a wave.
• A wave is a traveling disturbance that transfers
  energy from one place to another
• Name some types of waves.
• Some types of waves include sound, seismic, water
  and light waves.
• Which type does not need matter to travel?
• Light waves do not need matter to travel

Next Question
69
Periodic Table Information

• What is the periodic table of elements?
• Identify the part of the element square on the
  periodic table.

Next Question
70
Periodic Table Information

• The table is an organizational table developed by
  Mendeleev in 1869.
• Elements are arranged in rows by increasing
  atomic number.
• Elements in the same column have similar chemical
  properties.

Next Question
Back to Periodic Table Information
71
Periodic Table Information
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
1
1.00794
H
Symbol
Element Name
Hydrogen
Next Question
Back to Periodic Table Information
72
Changes in Matter

• What is a physical change in matter? (Give
  Examples)
• What is a chemical change in matter? (Give
  Examples)

Next Question
73
Physical Change in Matter

• A change in the phase (state) of matter.
• Or, a change in which parts do not lose their
  identity
• Examples
• Ice melting to water sugar dissolving in water

Next Question
Back to Changes in Matter
74
Chemical Change in Matter

• A reaction that causes a change in the properties
  of matter.
• It is usually difficult to reverse.
• Examples
• Spilling bleach on a pair of jeans, changing the
  color.
• A stick burning in a campfire.

Next Question
Back to Changes in Matter
75
Force, Acceleration, Friction

• Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate
  in the action of kicking a soccer ball.
• What is friction? How does it affect
  acceleration of a soccer ball.

Next Question
76
Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate
in the action of kicking a soccer ball.

• F ma (Newtons second law of motion.
• Force applied to the mass results in
  acceleration.
• The greater the force applied to a given mass,
  the greater the acceleration. Therefore, if you
  kick the soccer ball with more force, it will
  speed up faster.

Next Question
Back to Force, Acceleration, friction
77
What is friction? How does it affect
acceleration in the action of kicking a soccer
ball?

• Friction is a surface force directly opposing.
• Friction decreases the speed of a moving object.
• A soccer ball kicked opposing relative on the
  ground will lose speed faster than a ball kicked
  in the air.

Next Question
Back to Force, Acceleration, friction
78
Conserving Energy

• What is the law of conservation of energy?
• Give some examples of conserving energy resources.

Next Question
79
What is the law of conservation of energy?

• In any physical or chemical change, energy is
  neither created nor destroyed.

Next Question
Back to Conserving Energy
80
Conserving Energy

• Recycling
• Buying fuel-efficient automobiles
• Riding a bike instead of driving
• Insulating buildings

Next Question
Back to Conserving Energy
81
Radioactivity

• Define radioactivity
• Give an example of one beneficial use of
  radioactivity.

Next Question
82
Define Radioactivity

• Spontaneous release of energy by certain atoms,
  such as uranium, as these atoms disintegrate.
• It is the emission of one or more kinds of
  radiation from an isotope with unstable nuclei

Next Question
Back to Radioactivity
83
Beneficial Example of Radioactivity

• Helps doctors to see the development of cancer by
  using radioactive liquid traveling throughout the
  body.
• The radioactive liquid highlights masses in the
  body and projects those masses to an x-ray

Next Question
Back to Radioactivity
84
Ozone Layer

• What is the ozone layer and why is it important?
• Why are there holes in the ozone layer over the
  South Pole?
• What is being done about CFCs?

Next Question
85
What is the ozone layer?

• The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere
  that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun
• This keeps most of the life-harming rays from
  reaching the Earths surface

Next Question
Back to Ozone Layer
86
Why are their holes in the ozone layer?

• Certain chemicals react with ozone, destroying
  it.
• Chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs) once used in
  refrigerators and aerosol cans were released into
  the atmosphere.
• The CFCs destroyed the ozone layer creating a
  hole or thin layer especially over the
  Antarctic

Next Question
Back to Ozone Layer
87
What is being done about CFCs?

• In 1986 the International Congress in Montreal
  produced a treaty to reduce and then ban CFC
  production by 1996

Next Question
Back to Ozone Layer
88
Scientific Method

• Organize the following steps to scientifically
  solve a problem
• Develop a hypothesis
• Ask a question based on observation
• Draw conclusion

• Test hypothesis
• Plan test with materials and methods.
• Do background research
• Report findings
• Record and analyze data

5
4
3
2
1
8
6
7
Hit enter to see correct sequence!
Next Question
89
Evolution and Scientists

• The individuals listed below played a role in the
  development of evolutionary theory. Match them
  with their concept.

Click to see list
Next Question
90
Evolution and Scientists - List

• Charles Darwin
• Jean Baptist Lamark
• Charles Lyell
• Thomas Malthus
• Gregor Mendel

• The earth is very old, and it was formed by
  gradual processes
• Events during an organisms lifetime can produce
  changes that can be inherited
• The human population was growing so rapidly that
  it would someday exceed available resources
• Organisms that are best adapted to their
  environment survive
• Offspring can resemble or differ from parents
  because of the unit of inheritance (gene).

Next Question
Click or hit enter to see matches
91
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question
92
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Wrong
Next Question
93
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Correct
Next Question
94
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Correct
Next Question
95
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Wrong
Next Question
96
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Wrong
Next Question
97
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Correct
Next Question
98
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Correct
Next Question
99
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Wrong
Next Question
100
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Wrong
Next Question
101
Mitosis or Meiosis

• Haploid daughter cell
• Daughter cells are identical
• Homologous chromosomes form tetrads
• Two consecutive cell divisions
• Chromosome number is maintained

• Mitosis Meiosis

Correct
Next Question
102
Next Question