Plasma Jets

1
Plasma Jets

• Fred Pacifico
• Rebecca Shipman
• ELEC-6750
• Dr. Tzeng
• Spring 2004

2
Objectives

• Questions
• Acronyms
• Background and Development
• Physical Properties
• Different Types of Plasma Jets
• A Plasma Jet Application

Emerging Construction Technologies, Plasma Arc
Torch Technology. http//www.new-technologies.org/
ECT/Civil/plasma1.htm
3
Questions

• What are two advantages of using atmospheric
  plasma over low pressure plasma jets?
• Why is the binding energy increased with a plasma
  jet application?

4
Acronyms

• RF-CCP (Radio Frequency Coupled Plasma )
• ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma)
• CMP (Microwave Capacitively Coupled Plasma)
• MIP (Microwave Induced Plasma)
• PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)

Emil Cordos, Tiberiu Frentiu, Ana-Maria Rusu,
Sorin Angel, Alpar Fodor, Michaela Ponta,
Analytical Characterization of a Capacitively
Coupled Plasma Torch with a Central Tube
Electrode, Talanta 48 827837, 1999
5
Acronyms (cont.)

• XPS (Photoelectron Spectroscopy)

http//www.tmd.ac.jp/i-mde/www/org/equipments.html

6
Acronyms (cont.)

• AFM (Atomic Forces Microscopy)

• Topography of
• polyvinylalcohol

http//www.witec.de/pdf/mercury/mercuryflyer.pdf
(Acquired with the Mercury 100 AFM. Courtesy of
G. Haugstad, Univ. of Minneapolis)
http//www.che.utoledo.edu/nadarajah/webpages/what
safm.html
7
Background

• Development
• Vortex-stabilized plasma torch
• Water-stabilized arc
• Gas and vapor-stabilized medium

LaserStrobe image of powder injection into water
stabilized plasma plume.
LaserStrobe image of powder injection into
gas-stabilized plasma plume.
J.A. Brogan, C.C. Berndt, W.C. Smith, R.V.
Gansert, S. Raghu, S. Sampath, and H.
Herman.Particle Velocity Measurements. Journal of
Thermal Spray Technology (1995),
http//www.controlvisioninc.com/rtitech.html
8
Physical Principles

• Parts of the Arc
• Cathode
• Anode
• Arc Column (Thermal Plasma)

M. Noeske, J. Degenhardt, S. Strudthoff, U.
Lommatzsch, "Plasma jet treatment of five
polymers at atmospheric pressure surface,"
International Journal of Adhesion Adhesives 24,
(2004) 171-177
9
The Arc

• Electric Discharges in Gas
• DC and AC Arcs
• Electrode Materials
• Carbon (graphite)
• Metal
• The Stabilized Arc

T. Iwao, T. Inaba, Plasma length on
characteristics of DC argon plasma torch arc, in
Vacuum 65 (2002), pp 299-304
10
The Cathode

• Current Flow
• Electrons Kinetic Energy and Collisions with
  Neutral Atoms
• Positive Ions Heat Cathode Surface
• Common Materials

B. Gross, B. Grycz, K. Miklossy, Plasma
Technology. New York, NY American Elsevier
Publishing Company, Inc, 1969, pp232-273.
11
The Anode

• Transition of Current
• Heated by Electrons
• Extreme Temperatures
• Current Density and Increased Current in the Arc

B. Gross, B. Grycz, K. Miklossy, Plasma
Technology. New York, NY American Elsevier
Publishing Company, Inc, 1969, pp232-273.
12
Arc Column

• Electric Field Gradient
• Type of gas
• Pressure
• Electrode material
• Cooling of the arc
• External mechanical and magnetic forces
• Arc Voltage

B. Gross, B. Grycz, K. Miklossy, Plasma
Technology. New York, NY American Elsevier
Publishing Company, Inc, 1969, pp232-273.
13
Plasma Torches

• ICP
• CMP
• MIP
• RF-CCP

E.A. Cordos, T. Frentiu, A.M. Rusu, S.D. Angel,
A. Fodor, M. Ponta, Analytical characterisation
of a capacitively coupled plasma torch with a
central tube electrode
14
Low Pressure Plasma Jets

• Must use small samples
• Require Vacuum gt Equipment Costs
• Continuous Maintenance

15
Atmospheric Plasma Jets

• No Vacuum Required
• Lower Purchase and Maintenance Costs

M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface
treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure
plasma jet and their surface characteristics,"
Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003)
839-844.
16
Surface Treatment and Adhesion

• M. Kim, S. Yang, J. Boo, J. Han
• Nano-Surface Technology Team, Korea Institute of
  Industrial Tech.
• Increased Adhesion
• Surface Topographical Changes
• Chemical Changes
• Covalent Bond Pairs
• Aggregated Particles

M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface
treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure
plasma jet and their surface characteristics,"
Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003)
839-844.
17
Topographical Changes
Untreated PET Treated PET
M. Noeske, J. Degenhardt, S. Strudthoff, U.
Lommatzsch, "Plasma jet treatment of five
polymers at atmospheric pressure surface
modifications and the relevance for adhesion,"
International Journal of Adhesion Adhesives 24,
(2004) 171-177
18
Aggregated Particles
The aggregation of particles increased with the
plasma jet application and a lower N2O2 ratio.
M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface
treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure
plasma jet and their surface characteristics,"
Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003)
839-844.
19
Binding Energy
High-resolution XPS spectra of the C 1s binding
energy region before () and after () plasma
activation.
M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface
treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure
plasma jet and their surface characteristics,"
Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003)
839-844.
20
Answers to Questions

• Advantages of atmospheric plasma
• Larger sample capability
• Lower cost
• Lower temperatures
• Increased Binding Energy with Plasma Application
• Topographical changes
• Creation of more covalent bond pairs

21
Summary

• Questions
• Acronyms
• Background and Development
• Physical Properties
• Different Types of Plasma Jets
• A Plasma Jet Application
• Answers

22
Questions ???