Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

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Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

• 1801-1824

Chapter 8
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Thomas Jefferson

• Renaissance Man --Range of activities and
  imaginative insights
• But with important inconsistencies and
  contradictions
• Passionate idealist but at same time devotee to
  lifes luxuries

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Jeffersonianism

• Agrarianism and yeoman farmers
• States Rights
• Limited Government
• Strict constructionist
• Distrust of banks and paper money
• Abolitionist

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Jefferson Slavery

• Jefferson was a life long slave holder
• Slavery was not just a commercial, economic, and
  moral issue it was an intimate part of their way
  of life.
• Acquired 11,000 acres and 14 slaves from his
  Father in law

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Jefferson Miscegenation

• HankyPanky or Rape
• Some slaves were his wifes have brother and
  sisters
• Jefferson likely had a black mistress with who he
  had children
• Behaviour was tolerated as long as white masters
  did not recognize their children
• Came to hate miscegenation

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Jefferson Abolition

• Hated Slavery see Notes on the State of
  Virginia
• Argued that slavery was an economic evil and
  moral evil
• Argued for outright abolition
• Did nothing in practice to end slavery
• Thought freedmen could not live by Whites
• Assumed inferiority of blacks, but open minded on
  issue

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Jefferson Foreign Policy

• Isolationist saw America as a republic without
  imperial ambitions
• War against Barbary Pirates
• Land expedition of American marines across the
  desert
• Produced one theme of the marching-song

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Jefferson the West

• Trend toward cheaper land
• Saw Americas future as a medium size agrarian
  republic
• Louisiana Purchase doubled size of country with
  a stroke (Map 8.1)
• Lewis Clark expedition

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Map 8.1 The Louisiana Purchase
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Failure and Gloom

• Napoleonic Wars, 1802-1815
• USS Chesapeake
• Embargo Act (1807)
• Most serious mistake of Jeffersons career
• Distress sailors and manufacturers accused
  Jefferson of advocating for slave owning planters
  and being Pro-French ideologue
• Left office gloomy, shaken, demoralized.

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The War of 1812

• Consequences
• Eliminated Federalists as a national political
  force
• Convinced Republicans that the nation was strong
  and resilient
• Republicans increasingly embraced Federalist
  doctrines
• American System

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John Marshall the Supreme Court

• 1803 Marbury v. Madison
• Judicial Review
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Attacks on State Sovereignty
• The Constitution was the creation of the People
  not the States, thus more fundamental than State
  law. Undermines compact theory.

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Missouri Compromise, 1820-21

• By 1819 Three new states admitted as slave
  states
• Louisiana
• Mississippi
• Alabama
• 11 free states, 11 slave states

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Missouri Compromise, cont

• Amendment to bill to admit Missouri
• Prohibited further slavery
• Emancipation at age 25
• Compromise (1820-1821)
• Maine admitted as Free State/ Missouri as a Slave
  state
• Prohibited further slavery in Louisiana territory
  North of 36

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Map 8.3 The Missouri Compromise, 18201821
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Foreign Policy Under Monroe

• John Quincy Adams
• 1817 appointed Secretary of State
• Negotiated Treaties with both Spain and Britain
• Monroe Doctrine

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Treaties with Britain

• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
• Demilitarized the border with Canada
• Anglo-American Accords
• Fishing rights
• Identifies and secures Northern Boundary of
  United States at 49th parallel
• From Lake of the Woods to Oregon Country
• Joint occupation of Oregon territory

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Seminole Wars

• General Andrew Jackson
• Subdues Seminole Indians
• Occupies Spanish garrisons
• Hangs British Agitators
• Adams supports Jackson
• Monroe demands effective government or cede
  Florida

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Adams-Onis Treaty (Map 8.3)1819

• Transcontinental Treaty
• Spain cedes Florida
• Spain recognizes new southern boundary all the
  way to the Pacific
• United States renounces claims on Texas territory
  (agrees Texas not part of Louisiana Purchase)
• United States assumed 5 million in Spanish debts
  to American Citizens

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Monroe Doctrine, 1823

• Noninterference in Europe or existing colonies
• Western Hemisphere closed to future European
  colonization
• Attempt to colonize construed as Hostile act
• Significance
• Excluded American support for Revolutions
• United States preeminent in New World