NWFPA

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NWFPA Choosing a Sanitizer Donald
Jones djones_at_aquaphoenixsci.com
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What is Cleaning?

• The Removal of Soil Particles from Surfaces by
  Mechanical, Manual, or Chemical Methods.

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What is Sanitizing?

• The Treatment of a Cleaned Surface with a
  Chemical or Physical Agent to Destroy Disease /
  Spoilage Causing Organisms. Reduces Total
  Vegetative Cell Population to a Safe Level.

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Sanitizing

• You Cannot Sanitize a Dirty Surface.

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Types of Sanitizers

• Heat
• Chlorine
• Chlorine Dioxide
• Iodine
• Peroxyacetic Acid
• Acid Sanitizers
• Quats

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Heat

• Hot Water is Used at 170 F for a Minimum of 5
  Minutes.
• Steam May be Used if the Outlet Temperature is a
  Minimum of 200 F for 5 Minutes.
• NOTE All Equipment Must Reach Minimum Times and
  Temperatures.

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Chlorine
Hypochlorous Acid
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Chlorine

• Made From a Combination of NaOH and Chlorine Gas.
• Forms OCl ( Hypochlorite Ion ) in Alkaline
  Solutions.
• Forms HOCl ( Hypochlorous Acid ) in Neutral to
  Acidic Solutions.
• Both Kill, HOCl is 80X More Effective.

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Ratios of HOCl-OCl at Various pHs
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Chlorine

• Advantages
• Broad Spectrum
• Kills Spores and Phage
• Liquids or Powders
• OK in Hard Water
• Inexpensive

• Disadvantages
• Corrosive
• Irritating to Skin
• Very pH Sensitive
• Sensitive to Organics
• Keep Below 120 F.

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Chlorine Dioxide
Cl
O
O
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Chlorine Dioxide

• More Effective than Regular Chlorine.
• Chlorine has 2 Electron Receivers, Chlorine
  Dioxide has Five. 2 ½ more Oxidizing Power.
• Used at Very Low Concentrations. (.5 to 5 ppm)
• Generated On-Site.
• Excellent for Water Treatment.
• ClO2

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Chlorine Dioxide

• Advantages
• Broad Spectrum
• Kills Spores / Phages
• OK in Hard Water
• Very Economical
• Safe for Environment
• Wide pH Range
• No THMs (Trihalomethanes)
• Bio-film Removal
• Tolerate High Organic Load
• Low Organoleptic Impact

• Disadvantages
• May Gas-Off
• On-Site Generators
• Needs Special Training
• Must Follow Directions

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Iodophors
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Iodine

• Very Successful Since the 1940s.
• Similar to Chlorine in Killing Microbes.
• Surfactant Iodine Iodophore
• Used at Very Low Concentrations.

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Iodine

• Advantages
• Broad Spectrum
• Color Coded
• Non-Irritating
• Manual Use
• Stable Solutions
• CIP Use
• Economical

• Disadvantages
• pH Sensitive
• Use Under 120 F
• Odor
• Corrosive if Abused

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Acid Sanitizers
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Acid Sanitizers

• Combinations of Acids and Surfactants or Fatty
  Acids.
• They Kill by Shutting Down the Cell Membrane.
• Many Different Types.
• Used Since 1954.

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Acid Sanitizers

• Advantages
• Broad Spectrum
• High Anti-microbial Against G-
• Organic Tolerant
• Acid Rinse
• Stable Solutions
• Non-Corrosive to SS
• OK in Hard Water
• CIP, and Manual Use
• Wide Temperature Range

• Disadvantages
• pH Sensitive
• Some Foam in CIP
• Variable Phage Kill
• Contains Phosphate
• Slower Than Cl or I2
• Corrosive to Soft Metals

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Peracetic Acid
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Peroxyacetic Acid

• Combination of Acetic Acid and H2O2.
• Used World Wide Since Around 1902.
• Used in U.S. Since mid-80s.
• Kills by Oxidation

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Peroxyacetic Acid

• Advantages
• Broad Spectrum
• No Foam
• Environmentally Safe
• Good on Bio-films
• Stable Solutions
• Wide pH Range

• Disadvantages
• Strong Oxidizer
• Pungent Odor
• Not an Acid Rinse
• Special Training Needed
• Limited Manual Use

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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Quats

• Combination of Cationic Surfactants and Water.
• Many Varied Formulas.
• Used for Over 50 Years.
• Kill by Shutting Down the Cell Membrane.
• Usually Product of Choice for Environmental
  Sanitizing

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Quats

• Advantages
• Low Toxicity
• Non-Irritating
• Non-Corrosive
• Heat/Organic Stable
• High Activity for G
• Yeast/Mold Control
• Residual
• Non-Volatile
• Can be Acidified

• Disadvantages
• Low Activity for G-
• Anionic Contamination Reduces Activity
• Residual
• Foam in CIP

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Hydrogen Peroxide
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Hydrogen Peroxide

• Strong Oxidizing Agents
• Strong Bactericide
• Ability to Make Environment Unsuitable for
  Organism Growth
• Exercise Extreme Care in Handling Hydrogen
  Peroxide.
• Strong Oxidizing Agent
• Potentially Explosive

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Test Test - Test
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Know the Effect on ATP
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Comparing PropertiesofCommon Sanitizers
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Sanitizers of Interest

• Chlorine Sanitizer
• ClO2 Sanitizer
• Iodine Sanitizer
• Quat Sanitizers
• Acid Sanitizers
• PAA Sanitizer

Na O Cl
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH
CH CH2
CH2
O (CH2CH2O)9
CH3 R1 N CH3 CH2
C2H5
CH3(CH2)4CH(CH2)6CH3
O CH3 C O OH
SO3
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Microbial Specificity
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Germicidal Speed
Fastest
Slowest
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Effective pH Range
0 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14
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pH Considerations

• What is the pH of your Water?
• Acid Sanitizer Phosphoric Acid 50
• Use Ratio 1 to 6
• Acid Sanitizer Phosphoric Acid 30
• Use Ratio 1 to 10

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Use Cost Relative to Chlorine
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Corrosion Potential
At use dilution - based on a scale of 1 to 10
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Stability - Under Ideal Conditions
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Foaming Potential
Foam levels at no rinse use dilutions.
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Environmental Impact
On a scale of 1 to 10 - 10 having the greatest
impact.
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Thank You