Recap: The 18th and 19th centuries'

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Recap The 18th and 19th centuries. Destabilizing
the canonical nature of Classical architecture
by Claude Perrault. What style to build with?
The various interpretations of the
Classical Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Gothic, and
little later Oriental. The division of
enlightenment thoughts into rationalism and
romanticism. Laugiers rationalism and seeking
the essential aspects of architecture from
nature. Soufflots interpretation of the ideas of
Laugier reductive and sparse. Palladian Revival
and Neo-Classicism Interpretive revival of
classical architecture, and the picturesque
treatment. The archaeological fantasies of
Piranesi. Romantic Classicism The expressive
architecture of Boullee and Ledoux. Durand, and
the systematization of architecture, and its
reduction into elementary units, and
multiple combinations. Structural Rationalism or
Classicism The rational ideas of Viollet le
Duc. The new engineering constructions using
ironwork and glass by Paxton, Eiffel and
Labrouste. Structural Classicism and Romantic
Classicism.
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Revolutionary Architecture It is
revolutionary or visionary because it pushed
Neo-Classical ideas beyond its time, thus
inaugurating many modern architectural
ideas. Rational and sensationalist appreciation
of architectural form. Monument and
monumentality. Grandiloquent, symbolic, and
monumental forms. A composition of
self-sufficient parts. Beauty of masses, and
simplicity of forms and surfaces, generated
by elemental geometric units. A poetics of
plainness. Architecture parlante an
architecture that speaks.
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Architecture parlante an architecture that
speaks. Issues of character of a building what
is it for, what does it convey? Expression of
function and content. A romantic atmosphere of
mood, effect and atmosphere.
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Etienne-Louis BOULLEE (1728-99) was the leading
visionary architect. Boullée's ideas had a
major influence on his contemporaries, not least
because of his role in teaching other important
architects. Some of his work only saw the light
of day in the 20th century his book
Architecture, essai sur l'art ("Essay on the Art
of Architecture), arguing for an emotionally
committed Neoclassicism, was only published in
1953. The volume contained his work from 1778 to
1788, which mostly comprised designs for public
buildings on a wholly impractical grand
scale. Boullée's fondness for grandiose designs
has caused him to be characterized as both a
megalomaniac and a visionary. His focus on
polarity (offsetting opposite design elements)
and the use of light and shadow was highly
innovative, and continues to influence architects
to this day. He was "rediscovered" in the 20th
century and has influenced recent architects such
as Aldo Rossi.
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Architecture and Light Newtons Cenotaph.
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Sublime emotions of terror and tranquility.
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Rationalist and sensationalist appreciation of
form. Rational geometric, pure
shape. Sensational Size, scale, quality of light
and shadow. William Blake writes on the
sublime as an aesthetical category. Science of
perceptual appreciation of form begins.
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Basilica.
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Grandiloquent and monumental volumes, almost
unbuildable The utopian project
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Municipal Palace.
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Poetics of plainness
Architecture of the City Forts and City Gates.
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Human Institutions Library and Museum
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Reconstruction of Versailles.
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Claude Nicolas Ledoux (1736-1806) was a French
neoclassical architect. Known as a Utopian he
hoped that urban design and architecture could
lead to an ideal society. Despite this his great
works were funded by the French monarchy and came
to be seen as symbols of the ancien regime. His
career was thus curtailed by the French
Revolution. In 1804 he published a book on his
works titled L'Architecture considérée sous le
rapport de l'art, des murs et de la
législation.His most ambitious work was the
uncompleted Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans, a
utopian town showing many examples of
architecture parlante.It also demonstrated his
socialist vision. He also designed about 60
elaborate toll gates around Paris.
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Imaginary Houses.
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Toll-Gates for Paris
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Utopian visions of architecture and the city
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Plan for the Saltworks
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Jean-Jacques Lequeu (1757-1825). In
post-Revolution and Napoleon France, Lequeu
produced some of the most imaginative landscape
and architectural designs, some a masterful
combination of the Gothic, the Egyptian, the
Greek, the Chinese, and a smattering of
hallucinations. However, except for two folies in
Rouen, none were ever constructed. His work
invoke surreal imageries.
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Temple to Egalite
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Le garde manger
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Gateway