Exterior Walls

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Exterior Walls

• By Alex Yager

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Exterior Wall
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Structural Types

• Exterior walls can be classified into three
  different groups
• They are Load-Bearing Walls, Non Load-bearing
  Walls, and Curtain Walls
• Load-Bearing Walls are walls that support loads
  from floors, roof and equipment plus their own
  weight
• Non Load-Bearing Walls are walls that only
  support their own weight

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Structural Types (Cont.)

• Curtain Walls are walls that have their own
  weight supported on structural members

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Material Classifications

• Wood and Wood Products Wood Shingles,
  weatherboard siding, plywood, and prefabricated
  panels
• Concrete and Masonry Brick, concrete masonry
  units, reinforced concrete, precast concrete
  panels, structural clay tile, stone, exterior
  plaster

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Material Classifications (Cont.)

• Metal Corrugated iron and steel, aluminum
  sheeting, precut sheet metal, enamel-coated,
  prefabricated steel panels, protected metals, and
  prefabricated panels
• Mineral and Chemical Products Asbestos
  shingles, asbestos-cement sheets, prefabricated
  panels, gloss black and vinyl

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The Purpose of Siding

• Siding is used on exterior walls to protect the
  house from heat and cold and against penetration
  of rain and moisture
• There must be no unprotected openings in the wall
  in order for it to be watertight
• Joints at window and door frame openings must be
  sealed with a good caulking material, and damaged
  areas must be repaired immediately

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Maintenance And Repair

• Where repair is made to existing types of
  construction and material, it is best to match
  the specifications between the two as closely as
  possible
• Improved construction techniques should be
  constantly examined to prevent or offset similar
  failure

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Maintenance And Repair (Cont.)

• Consideration must be given to either matching
  existing material, replacement of the entire
  covering, or a completely new finish over the
  existing surface where weathering, normal wear,
  or other reasons dictate a requirement for repair
• Neglect of maintenance and repair measures only
  leads to greater and more costly problems

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Types of Siding

• Sheet Sidings Made of Plywood
• Hardboard and oriented-strand board
• Vinyl
• Aluminum
• Steel
• Wood Shingles
• Masonry Veneers
• Stucco
• Fiber-Cement

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Siding Pictures
Wood

• Masonry Veneer

Steel
Aluminum
Vinyl
Stucco
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Wood Exteriors

• There are two main reasons for failure in wood
  exterior walls moisture and structural failure
• Some reasons for moisture failure are weathering,
  leaks, and cracks, which allow moisture to enter
  and collect behind exterior coverings
• Settlement of foundations, which can cause
  displacement and misalignment of framing members
  may crack, misalign, and damage facing material

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Wood Siding Maintenance

• Make a careful check over the existing material
  to make sure that everything is looking good and
  functioning correctly
• Make sure that if there are any damaged sections
  on any part of the siding that you consider
  replacing sections of the wall rather than
  replacing the whole thing

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Wood Siding

• To replace a damaged section, remove the material
  and tighten any nails in the existing material to
  be left in place
• Make sure you cut a sufficient amount of area
  around the damaged section to obtain good
  jointing and nailing, which is needed to have the
  new section seal well with the original wall
• Cover replacement wood with finishes or paint
  matching the original design so that it blends in

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Wood Siding

• All types of siding are affected in some way by
  the sun, expansion and contraction from moisture,
  temperature changes, and wind
• It is a must to protect the wood from the
  elements by covering it with paint, stain, wood
  preservatives, or oils

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Aluminum Siding

• Although is a common belief that this type of
  siding never needs to be maintained, it actually
  does require some
• Moisture can get trapped within a wall thickness,
  accelerating rot and decay
• Instead of replacing just the damaged section as
  when you replace wood siding, it is advised to
  replaced the whole section so the fix isnt quite
  as noticeable

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Fiber-cement Siding

• Fiber-cement siding is a lightweight, solid
  material that is a durable and visually
  compatible with wood siding rather than aluminum
  or vinyl
• It is resistant to rot, termites, fire, and
  delamination, and is dimensionally stable,
  allowing the paint to last longer
• Although fiber-cement costs more than aluminum
  and vinyl, it still costs a lot less than wood,
  and has a 50 year warranty

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Vinyl Siding

• Vinyl siding is composed of extruded pieces of
  plastic and metal, usually used to simulate wood
• This type of siding is usually thinner than wood
  siding, and visually lighter than wood
• In the event of a fire, the fumes from vinyl can
  be very dangerous

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Clapboard

• Clapboard is a type of siding used for the
  exterior finish of a wood-framed building and
  attached horizontally to wooden studs
• Each clapboard overlaps the one below it, leaving
  a few inches exposed to weather
• White pine is considered to be the best wood for
  clapboard, but cedar, cypress, and spruce are
  also used

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Clapboard

• Beveled siding is overlapped to prevent water
  from entering between the lap
• The nails that are used to fasten the bottom of
  the clapboard also penetrate the top of the one
  below it to keep it fastened
• Only galvanized nails should be used to fasten
  clapboard

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German Siding

• German siding is a flat faced board with a
  concave top and notched bottom
• It is installed by nailing the notched bottom of
  the upper board over the concave top of the lower
  board in a staggered joint pattern

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Repairing Clapboard

• First, you must remove any paint or resin from
  the split
• Ply the section below the split away from the
  wall
• Prepare to coat the split edge with a waterproof
  adhesive
• To hold the piece while the adhesive sets, clamp
  the split edge together by driving some nails
  into the siding below the split edge

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Repairing Clapboard

• When the adhesive sets, remove the temporary
  nails and nail the bevel siding to the sheathing
  or stud
• Caulk the holes made in the siding by the
  temporary nails

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Questions

• 1. Clapboard is a type _______ siding.
• 2. A ________ closes a horizontal split in
  beveled siding while the adhesive sets
• 3. Drill ______ ______ before renailing hardwood
  siding
• 4. With overlapping board, shingles, or shakes,
  remove a broken piece by A First removing the
  shingle above it B Removing hidden nails with an
  end cutting pliers C Cutting hidden nails with a
  hacksaw blade D Cutting the old piece with a
  power circular saw

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Questions

• 5. A new piece of ________ siding must be trimmed
  before it can be inserted
• 6. A joint in a board and batten siding is
  covered A By an interlocking structure B With
  a metal strip C By the next higher board D By a
  batten strip
• 7. It ______ (is, is not) necessary to replace an
  entire sheet of plywood siding if the damaged
  area is small

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Questions

• 8. To repair mortar if the brick or stone is
  still solid, clean out the old mortar to a depth
  of _____ in
• 9. To _______ a mortar joint means to compact the
  mortar with the trowel point.
• 10. To seal masonry siding to window and door
  moldings, use A Mortar B Caulking C Glue D
  Resin

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Questions

• 11. How many different types of exterior
  structural walls are there?
• 12. Name 2 kinds of siding
• 13. Wood is the cheapest siding you can buy T/F
• 14. What is vinyl composed of?
• 15. What is caulk used for?
• 16. You can repair small sections of wood siding
  without taking the section off. T/F

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Questions

• 17. There are 4 main types of material that a
  type of siding can be classified under. T/F
• 18. Asbestos is a hazardous product that can
  cause bodily damage if contact is made with it
  T/F
• 19. Why is it so important so to have the siding
  on your house properly sealed?
• 20. Name a type of wood product that is used as
  siding

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Answers

• 1. Exterior 9. Point
• 2. Caulked joint 10. B
• 3. Pilot Holes 11. 4
• 4. A 12. wood, metal, artificial..etc.
• 5. Board and Batton 13. F
• 6. A 14. Extruded pieces of plastic/metal
• 7. Is Not 15. To seal joints
• 8. 1 inch 16. T
• 17. T
• 18. T
• 19. So you keep all the moisture out 20. wood
  shingles