Houston Air Pollution

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Emission processing
AQM Workshop 2002 Beata Czader
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NAAQS The National Ambient Air Quality Standards

• Ozone
• Carbon Monoxide
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Nitrogen Dioxide

• Lead
• Particulate Matter PM10
• Particulate Matter PM2.5

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Emission Source Category

• Anthropogenic ? man made

• point
• area
• mobile ? on road
• ? off road

Modeling domain

• Biogenic

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Emissions by source category
1996 VOC Emissions
1996 NOX Emissions
on-road mobile
on-road mobile
area
area
point
non-road mobile
non-road mobile
point
Man-made emissions by source category in the
Houston-Galveston area
Source TNRCC, www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/aqp/ei/rs
umhg.htm
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Texas
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Air Quality Modeling System
Meteorological data
Emission data
Emission modeling
Meteorological modeling
SMOKE Tool
SMOKE
MOBILE5
AQM Transport, diffusion and chemical reactions
modeling
BEIS
Chemical mechanism
Analysis tool
Visualization tool
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Relationship between data and processors in SMOKE
BiogenicProcessing
Landusedata
MobileProcessing
MergeProcessing
Meteorologydata
AreaProcessing
Emissions Reports
EmissionsInventories
PointProcessing
Model ready emissions
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Emission Inventories
Emission inventory ? listing of the air pollutant
emissions

• source
• specific geographical area
• specific time period

Pollutant in the inventory

• for ozone ? VOC, NOx, CO
• for PM ? direct PM, NOx, SO2, VOC
• for toxics ? HAPs
• for Acid Rain ? NOx, SO2
• for Visibility ? everything

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Emission Inventory formats
File formats supported by SMOKE

• Inventory Data Analyzer (IDA) ? H F
• Emission Modeling System 95 (EMS95) ? F
• Emission Preprocessor System 2.0 (EPS 2.0) ? H
  F

No inventory for biogenic sources E
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SMOKE Emission Modeling (1)
Pollutantspeciation
CB-IV
SAPRC
RADM
Temporalallocation
hour
day
week
year
urban
Spatialallocation
regional
national
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SMOKE Emission Modeling (2)
Pollutant speciation
1 PAR paraffin carbon bond
CC
Propane ? CH3 CH2 CH3 ? 3PAR
Spatial allocation
3D resolution 361241.3 km
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SMOKE Program Structure
ELEVPOINT
LAYPOINT
P
P
PREMOBL
EMISFAC
M
M
SMKNVEN
GRIDMAT
SPCMAT
TEMPORAL
CNTLMAT
SMKMERGE
RAWBIO
TMPBIO
B
B
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Area source processing
Datastructuring
SMKINVEN input file/data

• inventory file containing source emissions
• country, state, and county codes file, with time
  zones
• pollutant codes and names

SMKINVEN
Spatialallocation
GRIDMAT
SMKINVEN output file/data
Chemicalspeciation

• annual and average day inventory emissions and
  source characteristic for all inventory data

SPCMAT
Temporalallocation
TEMPORAL
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Mobile source processing
Without MOBILE5
With MOBILE5

• inventory containing source emission

SMKINVEN
SMKINVEN
PREMOBL

• daily vehicle miles traveled VMT
• emission factors from MOBILE5

EMISFAC
GRIDMAT
GRIDMAT
SMOKE computes the emissions by multiplying the
VMT with the emission factors from the MOBILE5
SPCMAT
SPCMAT

• country, state, and county codes file, with time
  zones
• pollutant codes and names

TEMPORAL
TEMPORAL
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Mobile source script
set Assigns file name setenv ASSIGNS_FILE
SMKROOT/assigns/ASSIGNS.net96.uh04 set source
categorysetenv SMK_SOURCE M source
category to processsetenv MRG_SOURCE M
source category to mergesetenv SRCABBR mb
abbreviation for naming log filessetenv
MRG_CTLMAT_MULT ' ' APAP for merging with
multiplier controlssetenv MRG_CTLMAT_ADD ' '
APAP for merging with additive
controlssetenv MRG_CTLMAT_REAC ' '
AMPAMP for merging with reactivity cntls
time independent programssetenv RUN_SMKINVEN Y
Y runs inventory import programsetenv
RUN_SPCMAT Y Y runs speciation matrix
programsetenv RUN_GRDMAT Y Y runs
gridding matrix programsetenv RUN_CNTLMAT N
Y runs control matrix program
time-dependent programssetenv RUN_PREMOBL N
Y runs temperature preprocessing
programsetenv RUN_EMISFAC N Y runs
emission factors programsetenv RUN_TEMPORAL Y
Y runs temporal allocation programsetenv
RUN_SMKMERGE N Y runs merge program
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Point sources processing
Datastructuring
SMKINVEN input file/data
SMKINVEN

• 3-D inventory data as average day or annual
  emissions for each county, plant, device, stack
  and SCC
• country, state, and county codes file, with time
  zones
• stack parameters
• pollutant codes and names

ELEVPOINT
LAYPOINT
Chemicalspeciation
Two methods for calculating plume rise

• layer fraction ? CMAQ, MAQSIP
• cutoff method ? UAM-IV, V, CAMx

SPCMAT
Temporalallocation
TEMPORAL
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Point sources script
time independent programssetenv RUN_SMKINVEN
Y run inventory import programsetenv
RUN_SPCMAT Y run speciation matrix
programsetenv RUN_GRDMAT Y run
gridding matrix programsetenv RUN_CNTLMAT N
run control matrix programsetenv
RUN_ELEVPOINT N run elevated/PinG sources
selection program time-dependent
programssetenv RUN_LAYPOINT Y run layer
fractions programsetenv RUN_TEMPORAL Y
run temporal allocation programsetenv
RUN_SMKMERGE N run merge program
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Biogenic sources processing
RAWBIO input data

• county land use data
• gridding surrogate

• gridded land use data

(types and amounts of vegetation in each grid
cell)
SMOKE allocate land use data using surrogate
Datastructuring

• emission factors
• modeling grid file

SMOKE associates land use data with the BEIS 2
emission factors and convert land use data to
emission value.
Chemicalspeciation
Output
Temporalallocation

• gridded, biogenic emissioms

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Assign file
I/O Naming roots setenv INVID net96
Inventory input identifier setenv
INVOP net96.04 Base year inventory
output name setenv INVEN net96_311
Base year inventory name with version setenv
ABASE baseA.04 Area base case output
name setenv BBASE beld.04
Biogenics base case output name setenv MBASE
baseA.04 Mobile base case output name
setenv PBASE baseA.04 Point base
case output name setenv EBASE baseA.04
Output merged base case name setenv
METSCEN m04 Met scenario name
setenv GRID uh04 Gridding root
setenv SPC cmaq.cb4p25 Speciation type
setenv ESDATE 20000831 Start date of
emis time-based files setenv MSDATE
20000831 Start date of met time-based
files setenv NDAYS 1 Duration
in days of emis time-based files setenv MDAYS
1 Duration in days of met
time-based files setenv YEAR 1996
Year for year-specific files Models-3
episode environment variables setenv G_STDATE
2000244 Julian start date setenv
G_STTIME 000000 start time (HHMMSS)
setenv G_TSTEP 10000 time step
(HHMMSS) setenv G_RUNLEN 250000 run
length (HHMMSS)
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SMOKE information
www.emc.mcnc.org/products/smoke
Computer/Operating systems

• Sun (SunOS 5.6)
• SGI (IRIX 6.5)
• Windows NT/2000

Installation

• EDSS or stand alone installation
• Models-3 installation

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Set up for different cases

• set up for different inventory

• change INVOP and INVID variables in Assign file
  

• set up for different grid

• change GRID variables in Assign file
• create new scripts file
• new G_GRIDPATH and MCIP files

• set up for different chemical mechanism

• change SPC variable in Assign file
• new gspro file

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SMOKE output files

• CAMQ and MAQSIP

• run SMKMERGE
• ready for farther modeling NetCDF file

• UAM-IV, UAM-V, CAMx

• run SMKMERGE
• run SMK2EMIS program for low-level emissions
  files to convert NetCDF files to UAM files

(do it manually from the prompt or write your own
scripts)