ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

1
ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Kent Bullard
• Maintenance Supervisor
• 805-658-5745
• kent_bullard_at_nps.gov

Biodiesel Research and Brainstorming Workshop New
Orleans, January 29, 2003
2
Or- Greening the National Parks with Biodiesel

• Biodiesel and biodiesel blends are
  significantly reducing several National Parks
  utilization of nonrenewable fuel resources.
• Biodiesel also has the potential to make some
  park operations petroleum free.
• Biodiesel is just one of the important tools
• incorporated into the sustainability
• programs at the park level.

3
Channel Islands National Park

• Consists of five islands and the surrounding mile
  of ocean, totaling 249,489 acres.
• The Park is one of the least visited in the
  system with less than 70,000 visitors on the
  islands per year.
• The isolation of the islands has protected them
  from development but now challenges park
  management in providing energy services.

4
Man has visited the islands for thousands of
years, although in limited
numbers.
5
At and around the islands visitors will find
marine life
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Plants Endemic to the Islands ...
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The Island Fox ...
An Endangered Species.
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The remains of the Pygmy Mammoth ...
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Spectacular Vistas ...
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And a variety of sustainable practices in use.
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For over 25 years staff at the park have
harnessed renewable energy resources.

• In the beginning solar energy created power for
  use in communications and later for lighting in
  small field stations.
• Systems were small scale and provided 12 volt
  direct current electricity.

12
Currently the Park has 76 renewable energy
systems in use.

• Providing 29 kW of Remote Power for
• Water Pumping-
• Communications-
• Resource Monitoring-
• Facility Power-
• Solar Thermal-

13
In 1982 the Park installed the first large scale
solar system on Anacapa Island.

• Prior to the solar installation over 8,000
  gallons of diesel were used annually to generate
  electricity on the island.
• After reconfiguration and fine tuning the annual
  consumption of fuel has now dropped to under 263
  gallons.
• The lighthouse also went solar saving an
  additional 7,500 gallons.
• Anacapa Island is now petroleum free through the
  use of biodiesel.

14
In 1990 the Ranger Station on Santa Barbara
Island was constructed and is powered by stand
alone photovoltaics.

• The system precluded the use of over 4,000
  gallons of diesel annually.
• During installation I forgot to install the
  diesel engine generator.
• The only fuel used on the island is for a
  hydraulic dock crane which uses less than 100
  gallons of biodiesel per year.
• Santa Barbara Island is also petroleum free.

The 4 kW array provides the energy for the
station.
15
On Santa Rosa Island a Diesel/Wind/Solar Hybrid
System further reduced diesel use by over 12,000
gallons per year.

• At this time between 600-900 gallons of fuel is
  used per month for vehicle, equipment and
  generator operations.
• Currently the park is entering into a partnership
  which will provide B-100 for generation and B-20
  for vehicle and equipment operations.

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Green Energy Achievements _at_ Channel Islands
National Park.

• Over 28,000 gallons of diesel fuel used for
  generation on the islands has been eliminated or
  precluded through the utilization of renewable
  energy systems.

• Annual Emission Savings
• 333 Tons of Carbon Dioxide.16,000 Pounds of
  Nitrous-Oxides.616 Pounds of Total Suspended
  Particulates (TSP)1372 Pounds of
  Hydrocarbons.800 Pounds of Sulfur
  Dioxides.2,300 Pounds of Carbon Monoxide.And
  don't forget the motor oil use and generation of
  hazardous waste.

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Alternative Fueled Vehicles.

• 62 of our mainland fleet are AFVs.

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Recycling _at_ Work

• 1999 NPF Unilever provided decking material
  made from recycled detergent bottles for the HQ
  deck.
• 2001 Program included picnic tables, benches and
  recycling bins.

19
Water Conservation

• Low flush toilets on the islands reduced water
  shipping requirements by 65.

• Waterless Urinals _at_ Park HQ each save over 40,000
  gallons of water per year.

Anacapa Island now uses less than 35,000 gallons
of water per year.
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Energy Conservation is an integral part the
equation.

• Compact fluorescent lights are used.
• Energy efficient refrigeration and other
  appliances are key.
• Passive lighting and skylights are designed into
  the buildings.
• 2001/02 Program of T12/T8 replacement and
  lighting controllers for Park HQ.

21
Even with these accomplishments

• The Park faced a large energy demand
• With the islands moving towards energy
  independence the park staff began focusing on the
  largest user of fuel in the park.

22
Marine Transportation.

• Annually over 70,000 gallons of diesel fuel is
  used by the parks boat fleet.
• Options were limited due to operational demands.
• An article in a solar journal on the Sunrider hit
  the spot.
• For over seven years Ive had a biodiesel sample
  sitting on my desk.

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Marine Biodiesel Program

• In 1998 a funding request thorough the Green
  Energy Parks program identified a project to
  operate one of the parks research vessels on B100
  along with fuel for Anacapa and Santa Barbara
  Islands.

• In August 2000 the park biodiesel program was
  implemented.
• To date the park has used over 30,000 gallons of
  biodiesel.

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Greening the Pacific Ranger

• During the past 22 years the Pacific Ranger
  has consumed over 200,000 gallons of diesel fuel.
  To reduce the environmental impact of this
  operation several changes have been accomplished-

56 Steel Hull
25
Greening the Pacific Ranger

• Lubricating Oils- Only re-refined oil is utilized
  on the boat.
• Electrical Generation- Battery storage and a
  110/220 volt inverter provide cabin electricity
  and reduced generator run time by 65.
• Bulbous Bow- Installation of a "Bulbous Bow"
  reduced friction and wake resistance on the hull
  as it travels through the water, allowing the
  vessel to travel farther while operating at the
  same engine RPM and fuel consumption. The fuel
  savings have averaged 18 and has corresponded in
  reduced exhaust emissions.
• Biodiesel- In August 2000 the Pacific Ranger
  began operating on B100. To date the boat has
  used just under 15,000 gallons of biodiesel. One
  mechanical failure due to a bad fuel line
  occurred in September 2001 which caused the
  generator to require repairs. In January 2002
  neoprene gaskets in the fuel tank failed.

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Greening the Pacific Ranger

• In 2001 the project received several Award
  Recognition's including-
• The White House Closing the Circle Award
• The Federal Energy Management Award
• Department of the Interior Environmental
  Achievement Award
• Honorable Mention

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Sea Ranger II

• Launched in October 2001
• Powered by twin Caterpillar 3406 engines
  specified for neat biodiesel.
• Average biodiesel use _at_ 800-1,000 gallons per
  month.

58 Fiberglass
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More to Come

• The next step is to begin convert the remaining
  park operations to either B20 or B100.
• The park is currently finalizing plans to begin
  testing an additional 20,000 gallons of B100 from
  fuels produced in Ventura County.
• The ultimate goal would be to make the park
  Petroleum Free

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More to Come

• Vehicle and Equipment Operations on Santa Rosa
  and Santa Cruz Islands- 5 generators, 23 vehicles
  (14 GSA) and 16 pieces of equipment.
• The Ocean Ranger, 100 Crew Boat, 3 GM 60 Series,
  535 HP Mains, re-engined January 2003
• The Surf Ranger, 74 LCM-8 Landing Craft 4 GM
  672s in 6 pack configuration.
• Requiring an additional 35-40,000 gallons of B100
  per year.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yellowstone National Park, The University of
  Idaho and the Montana Department of Environmental
  Quality first pioneered biodiesel with the Truck
  in the Park Program. The project placed an
  unaltered diesel pickup truck into service in
  Yellowstone National Park, fueled the truck with
  100 percent rapeseed ethyl ester, and monitored
  performance and emissions.
• The program started in 1995 and
• has since demonstrated biodiesel
• use in all weather conditions while
• covering over 140,000 mile of
• operation.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• In 1988 a partnership between the US Department
  of Energy and the National Park Service was
  created.
• This Green Energy Program has promoted the
  application of a variety of sustainable energy
  programs in National Park Areas.
• Fourteen National Park areas piloted biodiesel
  utilization through this program and several
  other parks began biodiesel utilization on their
  own.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Assateague Island National Seashore Channel
  Islands National Park
• Everglades National Park
  George Washington Memorial Parkway
• Glacier National Park
  Grand Teton National Park
• Harpers Ferry National Historic Park Hawaii
  Volcanoes National Park
• Manassas National Battlefield Park Mount
  Rainier National Park
• National Capitol Parks East
  Pictured Rocks National Seashore
• Redwoods National Park
  Rock Creek Park
• Scotts Bluff National Monument Sleeping
  Bear Dunes National Seashore
• Voyageurs National Park
  Yellowstone National Park
• Yosemite National Park
• At the present time over 650 pieces of
  equipment and vehicles are being operated at the
  19 parks listed above- The spread sheet is quite
  informative. http//www.nps.gov/renew/NPSBiodiese
  l.xls

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Assateague Island National Seashore
• Berlin, Maryland and Chincoteague, Virginia
• All park operations are using B20,
  equipment, trucks and standby generation. Annual
  fuel consumption 8,000 gallons.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Channel Islands National Park
• Ventura and Santa Barbara, California

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Everglades National Park
• Miami, Naples, and Homestead, Florida
• Small user of biodiesel with B100 being used for
  roadside mowing operations.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• George Washington Memorial Parkway
• Northern Virginia and Maryland
• Annual Fuel Order 22,000 Gallons B20
• North district operating 75 pieces of
  equipment including, trucks, tractors, chipper
  and mowers on B20.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Glacier National Park
• Northwest Montana
• In the fall of 2002 converted park
  operations to B20 and is the newest player on the
  block.
• The park is operating 63 pieces of
• equipment and vehicles on B20 ranging
• from vehicles to construction equipment
• and including snow removal on the
• Going to the Sun Highway.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Grand Teton National Park
• Moose, Wyoming
• Operates 58 pieces of equipment and vehicles on
  B20
• during the summer and B10 in the winter. Annual
  fuel
• use- Summer 40-45,000 gallons B20, Winter
  60-65,000
• gallons of B10. Operations range from generation
  to the 12V92s
• on the snow blowers used throughout the winter.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Harpers Ferry National Historic Park
• Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
• Annual Fuel Order 25,000 Gallons B20 for use in
• six 35 shuttle busses. Other park use includes
• mowers, tractor and for a dump truck.

Shuttle buses mfg. 1990 Cummins L10, 280 hp.
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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
• Hilo, Hawaii
• On the big island, park operations for
  roadside mowing, heavy equipment and generation
  are on B100 with some blended fuel use. Due to
  logistics, at times B100 if purchased for less
  cost than petroleum diesel.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Manassas National Battlefield Park
• Manassas, Virginia
• Annual Fuel Order 3,000 Gallons B20
• Will begin operation in spring of 2003.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Mount Rainier National Park
• Ashford, Washington
• For the past two years has operated all 43
  park diesel vehicles, equipment and generators on
  B20. Annual utilization of 35,000 gallons of
  B20. The park also leads the service in use of
  re-refined motor oils and green lubricants.
• The fuel powers snow removal
• equipment at elevations ranging
• from 2500 ft to 5600 feet.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• National Capitol Parks East
• Washington D.C.
• Annual Fuel Order 74,000 Gallons B20, 18,000
  Gallons B5
• Operating a fleet of 83 vehicles and equipment on
  B20
• Heating three buildings on B5

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Pictured Rocks National Seashore
• Munising, Michigan, Lake Superior
• In addition to leading park areas in the
  utilization of soy based lubricants, the park
  operates eleven vehicles and pieces of equipment
  on B20.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Redwoods National Park
• Del Norte and Humbolt Counties, California
• The parks 20 pieces of construction, mowing
  and maintenance equipment run on B-80. Once
  additional fuels or funding become available the
  park will begin operating road vehicles on
  biodiesel blends.

46
BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Rock Creek Park
• Washington D.C.
• Annual Fuel Order 18,000 Gallons B20
• All park diesel operations on B20. Fleet of
  37, includes Trucks, mowers and construction
  equipment.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Scotts Bluff National Monument
• Gering, Nebraska
• Operates a 15 passenger Ford E350 van on
  B20 as a shuttle bus within the park. The van
  provides visitors with information on biodiesel
  and is marked with biodiesel emblems.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Sleeping Bear Dunes National Seashore
• Empire, Michigan, Lake Michigan
• All 14 of the diesel powered vehicles and
  equipment in the park operate on B20.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Voyageurs National Park
• International Falls, Minnesota
• Operates two dump trucks, two pickups and a barge
  on B20.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yellowstone National Park
• Idaho, Montana, Wyoming

This picture says it all
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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yellowstone National Park
• Idaho, Montana, Wyoming
• Began with the Truck in the Park Program in
  1995. In the fall of 2002 converted all park
  operations to B20 with a purchase of 19,000
  gallons of B100 for onsite blending. Last week
  Jim determined that another order is due soon and
  he anticipates the park B100 purchases will
  average 50,000 gallons per year.
• Currently operating a fleet of 203 vehicles
• and equipment and two boats on B20.
• Additionally some testing is being performed
• on building heat functions with B5. The park
  
• concession operations is considering a
• springtime switch to B20.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yellowstone National Park
• Idaho, Montana, Wyoming
• The experience of operating biodiesel in the
  extreme weather conditions found at Yellowstone
  have proven to be valuable in convincing others
  on the fuels viability. Only once did the truck
  fail to start, _at_ 37 degrees below zero, but none
  of the petroleum diesel vehicles were able to
  start either. The vehicle was operated on B100,
  rapeseed ethyl ester.
• At 100,000 miles, the engine was torn down
• and no unusual wear was detected. Once the
• truck reaches the 200,000 mile mark it is
• planned to place the vehicle in the
• Yellowstone Historical Vehicle Museum.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yosemite National Park
• El Portel, California

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yosemite National Park
• El Portel, California
• At the El Portel maintenance complex only
  B20 has been pumped since the spring of 2002. At
  this base of operations over 87 pieces of
  equipment and vehicles are serviced and fueled.
  The complex is a sustainable showcase with solar
  generation on the roof, utilization of green
  lubricants and major recycling operations have
  been undertaken.
• The next step is to bring B20 to the rest of
  the park.

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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yosemite National Park
• El Portel, California

Standby Generation
Heavy Trucks
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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yosemite National Park
• El Portel, California

Garbage Trucks
Motor Grader
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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yosemite National Park
• El Portel, California

Heavy Duty Transport
Road Equipment
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BIODIESEL IN THE NATIONAL PARKS

• Yosemite National Park
• El Portel, California

Snow Removal Equipment
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BIODIESEL USE _at_ The

• Bureau Of Land Management
• Contact Information- Tom Jatko 303-236-9456
• The BLM is just beginning to use biodiesel
  and biodiesel blends. In FY 2003 they used 2,000
  gallons of B-100. Operations are using both B100
  and blends in different applications. Current
  plans are to increase use of biodiesel blends,
  including supplying the fuel for fire fighting
  operations.

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BIODIESEL USE _at_ The

• US Fish and Wildlife Service
• Contact Information- Billy Umsted 303 984-6865
• The Charles M. Russell Refuge in Montana
  has been using B20 for all operations since the
  fall of 2002. Current utilization is projected to
  average 35,000 gallons per year. The fuel is used
  in vehicles and heavy equipment.
• Patuxent National Wildlife Refuge in
  Maryland has been working with the Maryland Soy
  Council to implement utilization of biodiesel
  blends for building heat and equipment and
  vehicle fuel.
• Seven other refuges and offices are planning
  the utilizing biodiesel for fleet and equipment
  operations.

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Obstacles to Overcome-

• General Service Administration and their B20
  ruling.
• Rangers and their need for boat speed.
• Rangers who require a SUV and Law Enforcement
  Vehicles.
• Park managers who must drive a SUV.
• In park cooperators/ fuel users.
• NOx
• Fuel Availability.
• Cold Flow Jitters

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Obstacles for Industry to Overcome-

• Feedstock Availability.
• Feedstock Oil Competition.
• Local Fuel Production.
• Unequal tax or production supports.
• State Air Quality Concerns.
• Engine Warranty Issues.
• NOx Concerns.
• Fuel Distribution and availability.

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Green Energy Achievements _at_ Channel Islands
National Park.

• Over 28,000 gallons of diesel fuel use for energy
  generation on the islands has been eliminated or
  precluded through the utilization of renewable
  energy systems.

• Annual Emission Savings
• 333 Tons of Carbon Dioxide.16,000 Pounds of
  Nitrous-Oxides.616 Pounds of Total Suspended
  Particulates (TSP)1372 Pounds of
  Hydrocarbons.800 Pounds of Sulfur
  Dioxides.2,300 Pounds of Carbon Monoxide.And
  don't forget the motor oil use and generation of
  hazardous waste.

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Santa Barbara APCD Emission Calculations

• APCD calculations of emissions for a diesel
  generator. 70 hp engine/40kW generator. The
  figures are for every 1,000 gallons of petroleum
  diesel fuel consumed. If you are running a
  different sized generator base your calculations
  on fuel consumed and you will come very close as
  factors such as load and ambient temperature will
  juggle the figures some.

• Annual Emission per 1,000 gallons
• 11.9 Tons of Carbon Dioxide.575 Pounds of
  Nitrous-Oxides.22 Pounds of Total Suspended
  Particulates (TSP)49 Pounds of
  Hydrocarbons.28.5 Pounds of Sulfur Dioxides.812
  Pounds of Carbon Monoxide.And don't forget the
  use and generation of motor/hazardous waste oils.

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NOx Problems- NOx Questions

• Potential increase 2-4 yellow grease, 12-14
  soy.
• Per 1000 gallons of petroleum fuel burned- 575
  lbs NOx released.
• Increase per 1000 gal B100 _at_ 4 23 lbs 598
  lbs.
• Increase per 1000 gal B100 _at_ 14 80 lbs 655
  lbs.
• Solar use and Conservation have saved the park
  from burning 28,000 gallons of petroleum diesel
  per year. This equates to eliminating 16,100
  pounds of NOx. Annually we could displace
  petroleum NOx and use 1,400,000 gallons of 2
  increase yellow grease biodiesel on the NOx
  savings _at_ Channel Islands National Park alone.
• In 2001 14 of the US annual biodiesel production
  of 20 million gallons would have been covered by
  the parks NOx savings if all biodiesel had been
  yellow grease.

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NOx Problems- NOx Answers

• For your Customers-
• Fuel Conservation and Conversion is the Answer.
• For every 1,000 gallons of diesel fuel
  conserved they can use 50,000 gallons of 2 NOx
  yellow grease B100 biodiesel or 250,000 gallons
  of B20 with no increase in overall NOx emissions.
  In my calculations, with conservation, there is
  not a NOx issue.

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Biodiesel Problems/Answers

• It is your challenge and responsibility as an
  industry to promote and develop the production of
  biodiesel from locally available feedstocks.
• Locally produced biofuels provide employment,
  political backing and consumer confidence in the
  fuel. While avoiding transportation cost,
  embedded energy increases and issues related to
  the disposal of locally generated waste oils.
• "We don't have local crops for the job, but we
  can always harvest from the Old Faithful Inn."

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Benefits from Pioneering

• Prior to the Green Energy Parks Program at
  Channel Islands National Park, biodiesel was not
  available in Ventura County.
• With the implementation of the biodiesel program
  at the park, the demand in the county generated
  interest in the commercial arena.
• If you build it...

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Benefits from Pioneering

• In March of 2002 the Ventura Harbor Marine
  Fuel facility opened. The new facility is
  equipped with a 20,000 gallon fuel tank and pumps
  B100 to the NPS vessels and also provides
  biodiesel to the public and other agencies.
• In April a biodiesel workshop was held in
  Santa Barbara.
• On July 9th the first B20 public fuel
• pump in southern California opened
• in Santa Barbara. Later a B20 pump
• came on line in Ventura.
• In Ventura county interest in bioenergy is
  resulting in plans for local biodiesel
  production, development of bio tech training at
  the community college level and the establishment
  of a bioenergy working group.
• ...they will
  come

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Benefits from Pioneering

• The use of biodiesel in Yellowstone National
  Park has led to a regional biodiesel initiative
  bringing biodiesel to three adjacent National
  Forests, the Park Concessionaire and has led to
  the opening of the first public biodiesel pump in
  West Yellowstone. This spring biodiesel will be
  sold within the park at the public stations which
  are currently closed for the winter season.

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Keys to Success in Environmental Leadership
72
Having Management Support for Sustainability is
Critical for Success.
Lynn Scarlet- Assistant Secretary of the Interior
Gail Norton- Secretary of the Interior Jim
Evanoff- Yellowstone National Park
73
Although a champion can initiate programs..

• As they develop the vision and test the
  waters.

• Than bring others into the fold and enlighten
  them.

74
while seeking and securing funding which makes
partnerships invaluable...

• Local partnerships benefit your community.
• State Energy Offices are great resources.
• Use bureau programs such as the Green Energy
  Parks Program to the full extent possible.
• Grant opportunities exist in many venues.
• Be innovative in expanding your horizons.
• Combine Departmental objectives of environmental
  leadership, education and resource stewardship
  for program success.

75
. as all the staff works together as a team to
make programs function.

• Contracting Officers get your materials.

• Operational Staff utilize and benefit from
  Environmental Leadership.

76
Dont Let The Negative Folks Get You Down.
77

• N.P.S. Green Energy and Environmental Leadership
  Website _at_
• http//www.nps.gov/renew

• Made with 100 Recycled Electrons-

78
SAVE MOTHER EARTH !

• Did you participate in your Hotels Green
  Hotel Program?
• Request to Not have your sheets washed each day.
• Hang up your towel and use it the next day.
• Dont use those stupid little shampoo bottles.
• Turn off/down the AC or heat when you leave.
• Dont waste electricity.
• More information _at_ http//www.greenhotels.com

79
You must lead by example.
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Questions ?

• Kent Bullard, Maintenance Supervisor
• Channel Islands National Park
• kent_bullard_at_nps.gov 805-658-5745
• National Park Service _at_
  http//www.nps.gov/chis/homepage
• Green Parks _at_ http//www.nps.gov/renew
• This Presentation _at_
• http//www.nps.gov/renew/Biodiesel-Kent
  Bullard.ppt
• NPS Biodiesel Spreadsheet _at_
  http//www.nps.gov/renew/NPSBiodiesel.xls