Charlemagne

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Charlemagne
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The First Frankish Emperor

• Son of Pepin (d. 768), Charles succeeds father
• Agenda
• Expansion (the easiest)
• Centralization
• Legitimacy

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Centralization

• How do you get and keep loyalty?
• Answer 1 land
• Dux (duke), comes (count)
• Answer 2 governance
• Oath of loyalty
• Missi dominici
• Attempt at legal reforms

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Legitimacy

• Rights as king are still sore point
• Conquers Lombards, 773 Saxony and northern
  Germany, 772-775
• Trip to Rome
• Christmas day, 800 AD crowned Emperor of the
  Romans by Pope Leo III
• Legitimacy for C protection for Pope
• C. is the equal of the Byzantine Emperor

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Charlemagne and the Church

• Admonitio Generalis, 789 church and state should
  work together
• Capitularies church policy documents
• Uses bishops, etc. in missi dominici
• Caesaropapism?

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The Debate over Charlemagne

• Did he restore the glory of the Roman Empire?
• Just how central was his government?
• How successful can we call him?

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Charlemagnes descendants

• One son, Louis the Pious (814-840)
• Louis has four sons inheritance problem
• 817, three older sons attack father
• 842, three remaining sons meet to swear oath
• Lothair (oldest)
• Louis, called the German
• Charles, called the Bald

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Treaty of Verdun, 843