Plant Cells and Tissue Notes

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Plant Cells and Tissue Notes
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3 Types of Plant Cells

• Parenchyma
• Collenchyma
• Schlerenchyma

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Parenchyma

• Most abundant and least structurally specialized
  cells
• Loose packed and cube-shaped with thin flexible
  cell walls
• Can divide and become specialized

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Collenchyma

• Have thicker cell walls
• The cells walls are stretchable providing
  flexibility and support
• Usually grouped in strands in order to support
  plant
• Allows plants to grow
• An example would be the strings in a celery
  stalk

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Sclerenchyma

• Support the non-growing parts of the plant
• Thick rigid cell walls
• Usually dies at maturity providing a support frame

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4 Types of Plant Tissue

• Dermal
• Ground
• Vascular
• Meristematic

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Dermal Tissue

• Forms the outside of the plant (covers all parts
  of the roots stems and leaves)
• Consists of all 3 types of plant cells
• Has different functions depending on the location
  on the plant
• above the ground prevents drying out by
  reducing water loss by transpiration
• below the ground absorbs water and nutrients

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Ground Tissue

• surrounded by dermal tissue
• parenchyma makes up the majority of ground tissue
• functions include photosynthesis, food storage
  and support

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Meristematic Tissue

• areas of plant growth
• Ex. Apical Meristem area of growth in length
• Ex. Vascular Cambium vascular system growth

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Vascular Tissue

• carries water and nutrients throughout the plant
  and aids in support
• includes the following tube-like structures
• Xylem moves water and dissolved nutrients from
  the roots to the leaves
• Phloem moves sugar and sap both directions
  throughout the plant originating in the leaves

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Xylem

• Tracheids tubular cells with tapered ends which
  transport water throughout the plant
• Vessel Elements tubular cells that transport
  water through the plant (shorter and wider than
  tracheids)

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Phloem

• Sieve Tube Member Long cylindrical phloem cells
  through which sugars and organic compounds flow