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The Subjunctive!
An Introduction to Wheelock Ch. 28
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Menu

• What is the subjunctive?
• Subjunctive Tenses
• Subjunctive Clauses
• Conjugation
• Translation

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What is the Subjunctive?

• A mood, -- a manner of expressing a verbal
  action or state of being.
• Latin has three moods
• Weve studied two- the indicative and imperative

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What is the Subjunctive?

• In Latin
• Potential
• Tentative
• Hypothetical
• Ideal
• Unreal

• In English
• may/might
• should/would
• may have
• would have
• were/would

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Subjunctive Tenses

• There are only four subjunctive tenses!
• Present (todays lesson)
• Imperfect
• Perfect
• Pluperfect

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Subjunctive Clauses

• In the next few weeks, you will be introduced to
  a series of subjunctive clauses
• Jussive (or hortatory subjunctive)
• Purpose clauses
• Result clauses
• Indirect questions
• Cum clauses

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Subjunctive Clauses cont.

• Relative Clauses of Characteristic
• Proviso clauses
• Conditonal statements
• Jussive noun clauses
• Fear Clauses

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Subjunctive Clauses cont.This is a lot of info,
so

• Catalog these clauses in a notebook
• or computer file
• Learn the DRT for each new type of subjunctive
• The DRT (the dirt)
• Definition
• Recognition
• Translation

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Conjugation(present subjunctive)
laudem laudes laudet moneam moneas moneat ducam ducas ducat audiam audias audiat capiam capias capiat
laudemus laudetis laudent moneamus moneatis moneant ducamus ducatis ducant audiamus audiatis audiant capiamus capiatis capiunt
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Conjugation cont.

• KEY We beat all liars
• The vowels preceding the personal endings are
  -e-, -ea-, -a-, and -ia- for the first, second,
  third, and fourth/third-io conjugations,
  respectively.
• The present passive subjunctive follows the same
  pattern, only passive endings are used (e.g.
  lauder, lauderis, laudetur).

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Conjugation cont.

• A subjunctive could easily be mistaken for an
  indicative, if you neglect to recognize a verbs
  conjugation
• therefore.

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Know Your Vocab!

• Go back and review!
• You WILL have problems if you do not master the
  simple stuff!

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Translation

• The present subjunctive is often translated with
  may.
• BUT, as mentioned before,
• translation will vary depend-
• ing on the type of clause.

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Homework

• Wheelock ch. 28
• Practice and Review 1-10
• Sententiae Antiquae 1-5
• Read chapter 29 (Jussive Subjunctive)
• Prepare for quiz tomorrow on the subjunctive