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ERGONOMIC

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25 Median number of workdays an employee misses because of carpal tunnel syndrome. ... 70 Percent of all lost workday carpal tunnel syndrome cases suffered by women. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ERGONOMIC


1
  • ERGONOMIC
  • UPDATE
  • Presented by

Curt Wittman, MS, CIH
High Safety Consulting Services, LTD.
2
Ergonomics
Ergo - Greek, for work/strength
Nomos - Greek, for law/rules
3
Who Said The Following?
  • "One way or the other, we are determined to deny
  • Iraq the capacity to develop weapons of mass
  • destruction and the missiles to deliver them.
    That is
  • our bottom line."
  1. President Bill Clinton, Feb. 4, 1998
  2. President George Bush - 43, Oct. 20, 2002
  3. Vice President Dick Chaney, Sept. 12, 2002
  4. Priminister Tony Blair, Jan. 6, 2003

4
Who Said The Following?
  • "I will be voting to give the President of the
    United
  • States the authority to use force -- if necessary
    -- to
  • disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a
  • deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in
    his
  • hands is a real and grave threat to our
    security."
  1. Vice President Dick Chaney, Sept. 12, 2002
  2. President George Bush - 43, Oct. 20, 2002
  3. Democratic Senator John F. Kerry, Oct. 9, 2002
  4. Priminister Tony Blair, Jan. 6, 2003

5
Who Said The Following?
  • "We urge you, after consulting with Congress, and
  • consistent with the U.S. Constitution and laws,
    to take
  • necessary actions (including, if appropriate, air
    and
  • missile strikes on suspect Iraqi sites) to
    respond
  • effectively to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal
    to end its
  • weapons of mass destruction programs."
  1. Democratic Senators Carl Levin, Tom Daschle, John
    F. Kerry others, Oct. 9, 1998
  2. President George Bush - 43, Oct. 20, 2002
  3. Vice President Dick Chaney, Sept. 12, 2002
  4. Priminister Tony Blair, Jan. 6, 2003

6
OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
7
OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
Guidelines
  1. Nursing Homes
  2. Retail Grocery Stores
  3. Poultry Processing

8
OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
Enforcement
  1. By specific guidelines
  2. General Duty Clause 5 (a) 1

9
OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
Outreach Assistance
  1. Small Businesses ( lt 100 EEs) IUP
  2. www.osha.gov
  3. OSHAs ergonomic eTools
  4. OSHAs ergonomic training programs

10
OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
National Advisory Committee
  1. Identify gaps in ergonomic research
  2. Direct NIOSH to develop solutions

11
The Problem Ergonomics by the Numbers
  • 25 Median number of workdays an employee misses
    because of carpal tunnel syndrome.
  • 42 Percent of carpal tunnel syndrome cases that
    result in more than 30 days away from work.
  • 50 Percent of U.S. employees who are not covered
    by a company ergonomics program.

12
Ergonomics by the Numbers
  • 70 Percent of all lost workday carpal tunnel
    syndrome cases suffered by women.
  • 22,500 Average amount in direct costs to be
    saved for each MSD prevented.
  • 600,000 Number of injuries involving lost
    workdays per year due to MSDs in the U.S.
  • 1.8 million Number of U.S. workers who annually
    suffer MSDs.

13
Ergonomics by the Numbers
  • 9 Billion Savings generated annually by
    complying with the OSHA ergonomic program
    standard
  • 15-18 Billion Annual Cost to Employers Direct
    Costs.

14
Types of MSDs
  • Strains
  • Sprains
  • Rotator Cuff Injury
  • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)
  • DeQuervains Syndrome
  • Trigger Finger
  • Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

15
RISK FACTORS
16
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Force
Ouch! Thats Going to leave a mark!
Does the object weigh 51 lbs. or less? Dynamic
or Static Overload
17
Kyphosis
Lordosis
18
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19
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20
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21
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Force
22
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Force
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is one effect from
excessive force on the hand.
23
Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
E l b o w s o u t
Wrists bent or or from to
up
down
side
side
Hands rotated
Head or or
up
down
Tilted
or at waist
twisting
Bending
above
behind
Arms or shoulders
24
Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
25o Radial Deviation 80 Grip Strength
0o Neutral 100 Grip Strength
40o Ulnar Deviation 75 Grip Strength
25
Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
45o Extension 75 Grip Strength
0o Neutral 100 Grip Strength
45o Flexion 60 Grip Strength
65o Flexion 40 Grip Strength
26
Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
27
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Awkward Positions
28
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Awkward Positions
29
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Repetitiveness
Does the same or similar task repeat itself every
minute or less, all day long?
Does the same or similar task repeat itself every
minute or less, all day long?
Does the same or similar task repeat itself every
minute or less, all day long?
30
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Repetitiveness
31
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Vibration
Does the task require the use of
hand tools?
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
32
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Cold
Does the task require the worker to work in a
cold climate?
33
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Cold
34
Ergonomic Risk Factors - Time
The Longer the period of exposure to risk
factors without adequate recovery
periods, amplifies the problem.
35
Ergonomic Risk FactorsNon-Occupational
DIABETES PREGNANCY THYROID DISEASE EDEMA B6
DEFICIENCY GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONARTHRITIS GENER
AL HEALTH ASPECTS Diet, Nutrition, Caffeine,
Stress
36
Office Workstations
37
Control Methods
Elimination - Eliminate the need to perform task
Substitution - Replace a hazardous material with
one that is safer
Isolation - enclose a process to reduce the
number of exposed employees
Engineering - Local exhaust ventilation, dilution
ventilation, wetting, vacuuming, tool changes,
etc.
38
Control Methods
Administration - Reduce worker exposure time
Housekeeping - adequate washing and
eating facilities, cleanliness of workplace,
healthful drinking water, etc.
PPE - Gloves, clothing, respirators, eye
protection, etc.
Medical Monitoring - detect intake
and/or biotransformation of toxins
39
Control Methods
Training - In all cases above, training must be
provided to employees so that they are familiar
with the safety change.
40
Control Methods PPEThe Last Line of Defense

Supports (Not Considered PPE by OSHA) Recent
Study by NIOSH Completed Released
12-3-00 Anti-vibration gloves Thermal gloves
41
Control Methods Medical Aspects

Early Reporting Systems Employee Surveys Medical
History Job Matching Risk Factor
Education Wellness Programs Exercise Programs
42
Control Methods Psychiatry

Stages of Change Health Model
  1. Precontemplation No intention to change
    behavior
  2. Contemplation Intends to take action
  3. Preparation Learning new skills
  4. Action Is changing risky health behavior
  5. Maintenance Continuing new-found health
    behavior

43
Control Methods Psychiatry

Stages of Change Health Model
  1. Decisional Balance What are the Pros Cons
  2. Self-efficacy Do they have the confidence they
    can learn new skills continue the healthy
    behavior
  3. Processes of Change i.e. consciousness raising,
    dramatic relief, self-reevaluation, environmental
    reevaluation, self-liberation, helping
    relationships, reinforcement management, stimulus
    control social liberation

44
Analysis of Risk Factors
  • Typical JSA, with analysis of ergonomic factors
    rather than safety aspects
  • Task Steps
  • Hazards of Task Steps
  • Control Measures for Task Steps

45
Analysis of Risk Factors
  • Collection of Data
  • Video
  • Measurements of heights and distances of
    activities and workstations
  • Frequencies of activity
  • Forces and angles of activities
  • Work surface characteristics (COF)
  • Humidity, Temperature
  • Interviews

46
Job Hazard Analysis Toolsfor Ergonomic Hazards
  • NIOSH Lifting Equation
  • Snook Push / Pull Tables
  • Strain Index
  • Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
  • Rapid Entire Body Assessment
  • ACGIH Segmental Vibration Analysis
  • GM-UAW Risk Factor Checklist

47
Job Hazard Analysis Toolsfor Ergonomic Hazards
  • Washington State LI Appendix B
  • Other Non-Listed Methodsi.e.
  • Engineering Anthropometry
  • Biomechanical Calculations

48
Does this open the drawer?
Door has handles on both sides. Handles suggest
PULL
No, it is used to help move the entire unit
Same refrigerator, two different sides Which
side has the handle?
49
There is a reason why main entrance doors have
windows
On the center door, which way do you push to
avoid the side with the hinges?
50
I just want to purchase Regular Unleaded. How do
I get this pump started?
51
You want to go left, or right or simply straight,
good luck!
52
Do you put the tape in facing right or left?
Common, yet bad design. Waste too close to clean
towels
53
Expensive hotel faucet try turning it when
your hands are soapy
People generally tell you the path of
least resistance?
Stupid place for a door handle havent they
heard of the laws of physics?
54
Never fails I drive up to the gas pump wrong!!!
Which switch controls the overhead screen?
Which knob controls which burner?
Controls should be nearest to the thing they
operate
55
There is no gas lid lever inside the car how to
you get this open?
Which string operates the light?
Do you push or pull the buttons to operate the
windows?
One of these is shampoo and the other,
conditioner...
Buttons should be close to the things they
operate?
56
The End
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