Title: ERGONOMIC
1- ERGONOMIC
- UPDATE
- Presented by
Curt Wittman, MS, CIH
High Safety Consulting Services, LTD.
2Ergonomics
Ergo - Greek, for work/strength
Nomos - Greek, for law/rules
3Who Said The Following?
- "One way or the other, we are determined to deny
- Iraq the capacity to develop weapons of mass
- destruction and the missiles to deliver them.
That is - our bottom line."
- President Bill Clinton, Feb. 4, 1998
- President George Bush - 43, Oct. 20, 2002
- Vice President Dick Chaney, Sept. 12, 2002
- Priminister Tony Blair, Jan. 6, 2003
4Who Said The Following?
- "I will be voting to give the President of the
United - States the authority to use force -- if necessary
-- to - disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a
- deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in
his - hands is a real and grave threat to our
security."
- Vice President Dick Chaney, Sept. 12, 2002
- President George Bush - 43, Oct. 20, 2002
- Democratic Senator John F. Kerry, Oct. 9, 2002
- Priminister Tony Blair, Jan. 6, 2003
5Who Said The Following?
- "We urge you, after consulting with Congress, and
- consistent with the U.S. Constitution and laws,
to take - necessary actions (including, if appropriate, air
and - missile strikes on suspect Iraqi sites) to
respond - effectively to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal
to end its - weapons of mass destruction programs."
- Democratic Senators Carl Levin, Tom Daschle, John
F. Kerry others, Oct. 9, 1998 - President George Bush - 43, Oct. 20, 2002
- Vice President Dick Chaney, Sept. 12, 2002
- Priminister Tony Blair, Jan. 6, 2003
6OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
7OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
Guidelines
- Nursing Homes
- Retail Grocery Stores
- Poultry Processing
8OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
Enforcement
- By specific guidelines
- General Duty Clause 5 (a) 1
9OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
Outreach Assistance
- Small Businesses ( lt 100 EEs) IUP
- www.osha.gov
- OSHAs ergonomic eTools
- OSHAs ergonomic training programs
10OSHAs Four-pronged Approach
National Advisory Committee
- Identify gaps in ergonomic research
- Direct NIOSH to develop solutions
11The Problem Ergonomics by the Numbers
- 25 Median number of workdays an employee misses
because of carpal tunnel syndrome. - 42 Percent of carpal tunnel syndrome cases that
result in more than 30 days away from work. - 50 Percent of U.S. employees who are not covered
by a company ergonomics program.
12Ergonomics by the Numbers
- 70 Percent of all lost workday carpal tunnel
syndrome cases suffered by women. - 22,500 Average amount in direct costs to be
saved for each MSD prevented. - 600,000 Number of injuries involving lost
workdays per year due to MSDs in the U.S. - 1.8 million Number of U.S. workers who annually
suffer MSDs.
13Ergonomics by the Numbers
- 9 Billion Savings generated annually by
complying with the OSHA ergonomic program
standard - 15-18 Billion Annual Cost to Employers Direct
Costs.
14Types of MSDs
- Strains
- Sprains
- Rotator Cuff Injury
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)
- DeQuervains Syndrome
- Trigger Finger
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
15RISK FACTORS
16Ergonomic Risk Factors - Force
Ouch! Thats Going to leave a mark!
Does the object weigh 51 lbs. or less? Dynamic
or Static Overload
17Kyphosis
Lordosis
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21Ergonomic Risk Factors - Force
22Ergonomic Risk Factors - Force
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is one effect from
excessive force on the hand.
23Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
E l b o w s o u t
Wrists bent or or from to
up
down
side
side
Hands rotated
Head or or
up
down
Tilted
or at waist
twisting
Bending
above
behind
Arms or shoulders
24Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
25o Radial Deviation 80 Grip Strength
0o Neutral 100 Grip Strength
40o Ulnar Deviation 75 Grip Strength
25Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
45o Extension 75 Grip Strength
0o Neutral 100 Grip Strength
45o Flexion 60 Grip Strength
65o Flexion 40 Grip Strength
26Ergonomic Risk Factors Awkward Postures
27Ergonomic Risk Factors - Awkward Positions
28Ergonomic Risk Factors - Awkward Positions
29Ergonomic Risk Factors - Repetitiveness
Does the same or similar task repeat itself every
minute or less, all day long?
Does the same or similar task repeat itself every
minute or less, all day long?
Does the same or similar task repeat itself every
minute or less, all day long?
30Ergonomic Risk Factors - Repetitiveness
31Ergonomic Risk Factors - Vibration
Does the task require the use of
hand tools?
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
vibrating
32Ergonomic Risk Factors - Cold
Does the task require the worker to work in a
cold climate?
33Ergonomic Risk Factors - Cold
34Ergonomic Risk Factors - Time
The Longer the period of exposure to risk
factors without adequate recovery
periods, amplifies the problem.
35Ergonomic Risk FactorsNon-Occupational
DIABETES PREGNANCY THYROID DISEASE EDEMA B6
DEFICIENCY GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONARTHRITIS GENER
AL HEALTH ASPECTS Diet, Nutrition, Caffeine,
Stress
36Office Workstations
37Control Methods
Elimination - Eliminate the need to perform task
Substitution - Replace a hazardous material with
one that is safer
Isolation - enclose a process to reduce the
number of exposed employees
Engineering - Local exhaust ventilation, dilution
ventilation, wetting, vacuuming, tool changes,
etc.
38Control Methods
Administration - Reduce worker exposure time
Housekeeping - adequate washing and
eating facilities, cleanliness of workplace,
healthful drinking water, etc.
PPE - Gloves, clothing, respirators, eye
protection, etc.
Medical Monitoring - detect intake
and/or biotransformation of toxins
39Control Methods
Training - In all cases above, training must be
provided to employees so that they are familiar
with the safety change.
40Control Methods PPEThe Last Line of Defense
Supports (Not Considered PPE by OSHA) Recent
Study by NIOSH Completed Released
12-3-00 Anti-vibration gloves Thermal gloves
41Control Methods Medical Aspects
Early Reporting Systems Employee Surveys Medical
History Job Matching Risk Factor
Education Wellness Programs Exercise Programs
42Control Methods Psychiatry
Stages of Change Health Model
- Precontemplation No intention to change
behavior - Contemplation Intends to take action
- Preparation Learning new skills
- Action Is changing risky health behavior
- Maintenance Continuing new-found health
behavior
43Control Methods Psychiatry
Stages of Change Health Model
- Decisional Balance What are the Pros Cons
- Self-efficacy Do they have the confidence they
can learn new skills continue the healthy
behavior - Processes of Change i.e. consciousness raising,
dramatic relief, self-reevaluation, environmental
reevaluation, self-liberation, helping
relationships, reinforcement management, stimulus
control social liberation
44Analysis of Risk Factors
- Typical JSA, with analysis of ergonomic factors
rather than safety aspects - Task Steps
- Hazards of Task Steps
- Control Measures for Task Steps
45Analysis of Risk Factors
- Collection of Data
- Video
- Measurements of heights and distances of
activities and workstations - Frequencies of activity
- Forces and angles of activities
- Work surface characteristics (COF)
- Humidity, Temperature
- Interviews
46Job Hazard Analysis Toolsfor Ergonomic Hazards
- NIOSH Lifting Equation
- Snook Push / Pull Tables
- Strain Index
- Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
- Rapid Entire Body Assessment
- ACGIH Segmental Vibration Analysis
- GM-UAW Risk Factor Checklist
47Job Hazard Analysis Toolsfor Ergonomic Hazards
- Washington State LI Appendix B
- Other Non-Listed Methodsi.e.
- Engineering Anthropometry
- Biomechanical Calculations
48Does this open the drawer?
Door has handles on both sides. Handles suggest
PULL
No, it is used to help move the entire unit
Same refrigerator, two different sides Which
side has the handle?
49There is a reason why main entrance doors have
windows
On the center door, which way do you push to
avoid the side with the hinges?
50I just want to purchase Regular Unleaded. How do
I get this pump started?
51You want to go left, or right or simply straight,
good luck!
52Do you put the tape in facing right or left?
Common, yet bad design. Waste too close to clean
towels
53Expensive hotel faucet try turning it when
your hands are soapy
People generally tell you the path of
least resistance?
Stupid place for a door handle havent they
heard of the laws of physics?
54Never fails I drive up to the gas pump wrong!!!
Which switch controls the overhead screen?
Which knob controls which burner?
Controls should be nearest to the thing they
operate
55There is no gas lid lever inside the car how to
you get this open?
Which string operates the light?
Do you push or pull the buttons to operate the
windows?
One of these is shampoo and the other,
conditioner...
Buttons should be close to the things they
operate?
56The End