Disorders of the Thyroid

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Disorders of the Thyroid

• By Jessica Stevens

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Normal Thyroid Gland

• Actions of the thyroid
• Controls body temperature
• How body burns calories
• Controls how fast food moves through digestive
  tract
• Muscle strength
• Thyroid hormones
• T3-thyroxine
• T4-triiodothyronine
• Calcitonin

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Hyperthyroidism

• Hyperthyroidism is present when the thyroid gland
  is over secreting hormones.

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Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

• Diarrhea and weight loss
• Eye problems
• Enlarged thyroid gland
• Hair and skin changes
• Heat intolerance
• Heart palpitations
• Clubbing
• Menstrual cycle changes
• Muscle weakness
• Easily bruised

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Emotional Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

• Nervousness
• Restlessness
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Sleeplessness or insomnia
• Exhaustion

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Everyone wants to know how to diagnose these
disorders

• Early diagnosis is key to treatment and recovery.

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Diagnostics

• How do we diagnosis these disorders??
• Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) test
• Normal levels of TSH are 0.4-4.5milliunits/L.
• Thyroid hormone test
• In adults, a normal total T3 level is 80-230
  ng/dL. Total T4 levels should be at 5-14 mcg/dL.

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Causes of Hyperthyroidism

• Graves disease.
• A benign nodule on the thyroid.
• Thyroiditis.
• Taking too much of the synthetic thyroid hormone.

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Who is more prone to develop Graves disease??

• Thats right
• FEMALES

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Graves Disease

• With Graves Disease, the immune system begins to
  attack the thyroid and produces antibodies that
  mimic TSH.
• Women are more likely to develop Graves disease.
• Hereditary and environmental influences.

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Treatments for Hyperthyroidism

• Radioactive iodine
• Typical treatment is 3-12 millicuries.
• However, this treatment can cause hypothyroidism.
• It must also be followed by thyroid replacing
  hormones.
• Beta-Blockers
• Antithyroid medication-Propylthiouracil (PTU) or
  Tapazole

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Hypothyroidism

• Hypothyroidism is present when the thyroid gland
  is producing little or no thyroid hormones. Thus
  slowing things down....

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Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

• Cold intolerance
• Slow digestion
• Weight gain
• Fatigue
• Thin, coarse hair
• Brittle fingernails
• Muscle aches
• Dizziness

• Ringing in ears
• Numbness
• Carpal tunnel
• Poor memory
• Skin changes
• Voice changes
• Milky discharge from breasts

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Emotional Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

• Hypothyroidism can be linked to psychiatric
  depression.
• Roughly 15 of all patients suffering from
  depression are found to be hypothyroid.
• Some symptoms found are
• Paranoia
• Aural and Visual hallucinations

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Causes of Hypothyroidism

• Hashimotos thyroiditis
• Treatment for hyperthyroidism
• Congenital hypothyroidism
• Radiation therapy given to the head and/or neck
• Side-effect hypothyroidism

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Treatment of Hypothyroidism

• Thyroid replacement pills-most common
• Some medicines can cause hypothyroidism.
• Stop the medication and symptoms should cease.

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Citations

• Cronin, Colleen. (2005) Hyperthyroidism.
  Retrieved March 19, 2008, from WebMD web site
  http//www.webmd.com/a-to-zguides/hyperthyroidism-
  topic-overview.
• Katz-Wise, Sabra L. (2006). Hypothyroidism.
  Retrieved March 19, 2008, from WebMD web site
  http//www.webmd.com/a-to-zguides/hypothyroidism-t
  opic-overview.
• Rosenthal, M. Sara (1999). The thyroid sourcebook
  for women. Lincolnwood, IL Lowell House.

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THE END!!!!!

• In conclusion, people with proper medical
  attention and patient compliancy can lead a
  healthy, active lifestyle with these conditions.