Development

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Development in the 1st Year of Life!
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Developmental Sequence

• Cephalo-caudal
• Growth proceeds from head to foot
• Control hands before feet

• Think before acting
• Gets teeth before he walks

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• Proximal distal
• Growth proceeds from near to far
• Moves whole body, then arms, then hands feet

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• Simple to complex
• Talks, reads, writes
• Lifts head, sits up, creep, crawl, walk, run

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Weight

• Weight gain is a good indicator of health!
• 1-6 mo. ...2 lb./mo.
• 7-12 mo. ....1 lb./mo.
• At 1 year, babys TRIPLED in weight
• Now weighs from 20-22 lbs.

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Height

• Growth is steady
• At 1 year, baby is 30 inches long!
• (added 50)

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Proportion

• Head tummy are very large
• (Top heavy)
• Legs arms are very short
• No neck ?

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Sight

• At birth, eyes are uncoordinated with no tears
• Sees best at 12 inches in black white
  contrast
• At 3 mo., can see almost as good as an adult

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Depth Perception

• At birth, baby sees things as flat
• By 3 mo., prefer 3-dimensional view

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Hearing

• Develops BEFORE birth
• Should have hearing test at 6 mo.
• They respond to soothing tones to calm down
• Loud angry tones scare them

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Smell Taste

• The least developed senses
• Develops rapidly after birth
• Sense of taste develops rapidly
• Food likes dislikes develop as it improves

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Voice

• Cry becomes shrill
• Teeth are necessary for some
• sounds (f, s th)

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Teeth

• Begin to develop during pregnancy
• Baby teeth come in at about 6 mo.
• Teething can be painful baby may be cranky
• Coughing diarrhea, constipation, vomiting or
  fever
• Lasts 2 years for a total of 20 teeth

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Handling

• Take great care one hand under toosh, one under
  shoulders head
• ALWAYS SUPPORT THE HEAD
• Shaking, jiggling, or tossing a child under 2
  creates a great risk of severe bleeding of the
  brain may cause brain damage or death!!!

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Types of Development

• Physical development
• Gross motor skills use of large muscles
• Running, jumping, climbing, etc.
• Fine motor skills use of small muscles
• Coloring, using fork and knife, etc.

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• Intellectual development
• Cognitive development
• mental processes through which we think, learn,
  and communicate

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• Emotional development
• involves understanding and responding to our
  surroundings
• Smile, cry, laugh, fear, sadness, anger

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• Social Development
• Understanding others and learning how to
  interact
• Play is a childs work

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• Moral Development
• knowing right from wrong

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Looking Ahead

• First Month
• Turns head to clear nose from bed
• Keeps hands fisted or slightly open
• Few expressions when awake

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• Second month
• Holds head up while on tummy
• Holds objects with hand
• Smiles and coos

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• Third month
• Sits when supported
• Turns head to sounds
• Reaches for objects w/ both hands

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• Fourth month
• Rolls from side to side
• Babbles and laughs
• Clasps fingers and hands in play

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• Fifth month
• Rolls from front to back
• May sit supported
• Understands own name

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• Sixth month
• Transfer toy from one hand to next
• Creeps
• (army crawl) on tummy
• Stands with support

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• Seventh month
• Pushes up on hands and knees
• Sits w/ little support
• May say mama and dada

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• Eighth month
• Crawls
• Stands leaning against something
• Mimics sounds

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• Ninth month
• May crawl up stairs
• Feed self
• May understand and
• respond to some
• words

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• Tenth month
• Stands w/ little support
• Repeats some words
• Object permanence hide and seek

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• Eleventh month
• Stands alone squats and stoops
• Mimics some words

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• Twelfth month
• Walks
• Points with finger

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Feeding a Baby

• Cuddle use soft words
• Schedule will be unpredictable at birth
• They need as much as they want, when they want it
• 6-8 times in 24hrs.
• By 1 year old, 3 meals a day with snacks

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more feeding tips

• ALWAYS hold baby never prop a bottle
• No closeness causes ear infections
• NEVER put to sleep with bottle causes tooth decay

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Introducing New Foods

• Choose a happy time
• Parents attitude influences childs acceptance
• Usually cereal first

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Introducing new foods cont

• Weaning-changing from bottle or breast to a cup
• Self-feeding 8-10 mo. old
• finger foods
• Toast or crackers
• Avoid raw veggies, nuts, candy or anything round
• These cause choking

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Other Concerns

• Overfeeding-eating habits established early
• Avoid overeating sweets
• Malnutrition- not enough food or the
• proper type
• DO NOT use low-fat or skim milk
• with children!!!

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WIC

• Women, Infants, Children
• A federal grant program for supplementing
  nutritional needs
• Provides eggs, cheese, peanut butter, milk, etc.

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Bathing
Pay attention to creases! Use powder with
caution! Can inhale/suffocate Shake on your
hand then spread
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• Newborn sponge baths until navel heals
• Soft EVERYTHING!
• Test water don't rub

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Tub Baths

• Use a special tub
• Hold with head resting in left elbow, hand
  gripping left armpit
• NEVER, NEVER leave alone, even for a second!!!

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Dressing

• Baby doesnt need to be warmer
• Their hands feet usually feel cooler because of
  poor circulation

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Baby Care Items

• Feeding your infant
• Other baby care skills
• Sponge Bath
• Tub Bath
• Diapering
• Massaging

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• The newborn
• Handle them sweetly

• Older babies
• When crawling, overalls, long pants, and padded
  knees

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Choosing Clothing

• Comfort Ease
• Generous hems, extra buttons, waistbands that
  expand
• Simple styles
• Knit fabrics
• Buy by age weight

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Washing Clothes

• Use special laundry sanitizer
• HOT water MILD soap
• Always wash separately

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Diapering

• Cloth least
• Disposable most convenient
• Environmental problem
• 8-10 changes daily
• supplies ready ahead
• of time
• Extra thick in back for girls front for boys

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Diaper Rash

• Red, rough irritated skin from Bacteria
• Change frequently clean thoroughly
• Expose to air, avoid plastic pants, see a Dr.

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Sleep

• Necessary for growth and development
• Need decreases during 1st year
• Newborn 12 hours/day

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Preparation for Sleep

• Wash change
• Rocking or lullabies
• Calm, unhurried
• Covering, no draft

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Problems with Sleep

• Cry or rock on crib
• Try to ignore
• Check prolonged crying

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That's All Folks!